Atls Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Introduction • Hemorrhage is extravasation of blood outside the blood vessel. • Hematoma-Hemorrhage enclosed within a tissue or a cavity • Exsanguination- total loss of blood • Desanguination- major loss • Hemorrhage is one of the basic problems and considerations in surgery • From trivial trauma or major abdominal organ injuries- congenital and acquired coagulation disorders • A wide spectrum of problems involves hemorrhage Classification of hemorrhage  According t...

ABCDE Mnemonic CORRECT ANSWERS: A - Airway with cervical spine protection B - Breathing C - Circulation, stop bleeding D - Disability or neurological status E - Exposure (undress) & Environment (temperature control) Breathing & ventilation - injuries that impair ventilation CORRECT ANSWERS: Severe impairment: * Tension pneumothorax * Flail chest with pulmonary contusion * Massive haemothorax * Open pneumothorax Lesser impairment * Simple pneumothorax / haemothorax * Rib # * Pulm...

Assessed first in trauma patient correct answer: Airway (*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement correct answer: Fourth Complications of head trauma correct answer: Intracerebral hematoma Extradural hematoma Brain abscess Most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis correct answer: Trauma Intervention that can help prevent development of acute renal failure correct answer: Infusion of normal saline A 26-year-old male is resuscitated with blood transfusio...

Glasgow Coma Scale Chance fracture Transverse fracture through vertebra. In children usually associated with enterc disruption. Seen in motor vehicle accidents involving only lap belt. May be associated with retroperitoneal and Abdominal visceral injuries. Anterior hip dislocation Flexed, abducted, externally rotated. Burst fracture Associated with vertebral-axial compression injuries Posterior hip dislocation Flexed, aDDucted, internally rotated Anteri...

True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar to those for the younger population, data shows increased mortality with similar severity of injury in older adults. CORRECT ANSWERS: True In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological reserve? CORRECT ANSWERS: aging is characterized by impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that caused an increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated by the younger population can lead to devastating resu...

A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder. His blood pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure increases to 122/84 mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 28 breaths per minute. A tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath sounds with the return of a small amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion, the most appropriate next st...

A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder. His blood pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure increases to 122/84 mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 28 breaths per minute. A tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath sounds with the return of a small amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion, the most appropriate next st...

What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? CORRECT ANSWERS: preventing secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood pressure and providing adequate profusion. After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How is this done? CORRECT ANSWERS: mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is done with CT. NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma center. Which brain lobes do the following hold: 1. ante...

A 23-year-old man is brought immediately to the ED from the hospitals parking lot where he was shot in the lower abdomen. Examination reveals a single bullet wound. He is breathing and has a thready pulse. However, he is unconsious and has no detectable blood pressure. Optimale immediate management is to: A. Perform a FAST B. Initiate infusion of packed red blood cells C. Insert a nasogastric tube and urinary catheter D. Transfer the patient to the operating room, while initiating fluid th...