USMLE Step 1 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

USMLE STEP 1 FIRST AID Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls - diagnosis? - ANSAlbright's syndrome blue-domed cysts - diagnosis? - ANSfibrocystic change of the breast Wermer's syndrome - also known as? - ANSMEN type I "wire loop" appearance on Light microscopy- diagnosis? - ANSlupus nephropathy what is the defect in Job's syndrome? - ANSneutrophil chemotaxis abnormality - ...

USMLE STEP 1 EQUATIONS Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 Sensitivity - ANSSensitivity = TP / (TP + FN) Specificity - ANSSpecificity = TN / (TN + FP) Positive predictive value - ANSPPV = TP / (TP + FP) Negative predictive value - ANSNPV = TN / (TN + FN) Relative risk - ANSRR= (a/[a+b]) / (c/[c+d]) Attributable risk - ANSAR= (a/[a+b]) - (c/[c+d]) Number needed to treat - ANS1/absolute risk reduction Number needed to harm - ANS1/attributable risk Hardy-Weinberg equilibriu...

USMLE STEP 1 ENDOCRINOLOGY Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 what is the embryonal origin of the adrenal cortex? - ANSmesoderm what is the embryonal origin of the adrenal medulla? what are the cells of the adrenal medulla called? - ANSneural crest; chromaffin cells T/F the chromaffin cells of the adrenal cortex are are considered preganglionic - ANSfalse- postganglionic and ganglionic sympathetic what autonomic is the adrenal medulla innervated by? what are the NT? what ...

USMLE STEP 1 Disorders of Metabolism Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency - ANSbuildup of pyruvate, which gets shunted to alanine (via ALT) and lactase (via LDH) Treatment of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency - ANSlysine and leucine G6PD Deficiency - ANSabsence of G6PD leads to NADPH deficiency -> NADPH deficiency leads to inability to reduce glutathione via glutathione reductase -> No reduced glutathione means no de...

USMLE STEP 1 Biostatistics/Epidemiology Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 Sensitivity - ANSTP / (TP + FN) Specificity - ANSTN / (TN + TP) Positive Predictive Value - ANSTP / (TP + FP) Negative Predictive Value - ANSTN / (FN + TN) Incidence Rate - ANS# of new cases in a certain time period / population that is at risk during that time period This looks at new incidences occurring during a time period Prevalence - ANS# of existing cases / population at risk Looks at ALL...

USMLE STEP 1 BIOCHEMISTRY Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 Achondroplasia involves what defect? - ANSCell-signlaling defect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 Marfan's syndrome involves a mutation in what? - ANSFibrillin gene Nucleoside + phosphate= ? - ANSNucleotide Adenine and Guanine are in what type of nucleic acid? - ANSPurines Cytosine, Uracil and Thyamine arein what kind of nucleic acid? - ANSPyrimidines Xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid are all w...

USMLE STEP 1 BIOCHEMISTRY Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 histones are rich in which 2 AA's - ANSlysine & argenine Barr bodies (what, type of chromatin) - ANSinactive X chromosomes heterochromatin (highly condensed, sterically inaccessible) less condensed, transcriptionally active, sterically accessible chromatin - ANSeuchromatin DNA methylation at CpG islands - ANSrepresses transcription "CpG Methylation makes DNA Mute" DNA methylation (what is methylated and why...

USMLE STEP 1 AUTOANTIBODIES Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 Anti-ACh receptor - ANSMyasthenia Gravis Anti-Basement Membrane - ANSGoodpasture Syndrome Anticardiolipin - ANSSLE (antiphospholipid syndrome) Anticentromere - ANSCREST Scleroderma Anti-Desmosome - ANSPemphigus Vulgaris Anti-Desmoglein - ANSPemphigus Vulgaris Anti-dsDNA - ANSSLE, specific anti-Smith - ANSSLE, specific ANti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase - ANST1DM Antihemidesmosome - ANSBullous

USMLE STEP 1 ANTIBIOTIC Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 Penicillin mechanism - ANSbinds to penicillin binding proteins in peptidoglycan (blocks transpeptidase crosslinking); activates autolytic enzymes penicillin use - ANSgram positives and syphilis penicillin toxicity - ANShypersensitivity reactions, hemolytic anemia penicillinase resistant penicillins - ANSmethicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin penicillinase resistant penicillin use - ANSStaph aureus penicillin resist...

USMLE STEP 1 RENAL Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 2024 anatomy of bowmans capsule - ANSkidney and ureters are retroperitoneal ureters are BEHIND vas deferens, BEHNID uterine artery water distribution in body compartments - ANS... glomerular filtration barrier components - ANSFenestrated capillary endothelium (size barrier) Fused basement membrane with heparan sulfate (negative charge barrier) Epithelial layer consisting of podocyte foot processes THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE LA...