- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Pyloric Stenosis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is it pyloric stenosis? Hypertrophy of smooth muscle of pylorus, resulting in obstruction of outflow What are the associated risks for pyloric stenosis? Family history, firstborn males are affected most commonly, decreased incidence in African American population What is the incidence of pyloric stenosis? 1 in 750 births, M:F ratio 4:1 What is the average age at onset of pyloric stenosis?...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Pancreatic pseudocyst (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is a pancreatic pseudocyst? Encapsulated collection of pancreatic fluid What makes it a "pseudo" cyst? Wall is formed by inflammatory fibrosis, NOT epithelial cell lining What is the incidence of a pancreatic pseudocyst? 1 in 10 after alcoholic pancreatitis What are the associated risk factors for a pancreatic pseudocyst? Acute pancreatitis < chronic pancreatitis from alcohol What...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Diverticular disease (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Describe diverticulitis Infection or perforation of a diverticulum What is diverticulosis? Condition in which diverticula can be found within the colon, especially the sigmoid; diverticula are actually false diverticula in that only mucosa and submucosa herniate through the bowel musculature; true diverticula involve all layers of the bowel wall and are rare in the colon Describe the patho...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Cholangitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is cholangitis? Bacterial infection of the biliary tract from obstruction (either partial or complete); potentially life-threatening What are the common causes of cholangitis? Choledocholithiasis Stricture (usually postoperative) Neoplasm (usually ampullary carcinoma) Extrinsic compression (pancreatic pseudocyst/pancreatitis) Instrumentation of the bile ducts (e.g., PTC/ERCP) Biliary stent What is...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Liver neoplasms (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is the most common liver cancer? Metastatic disease outnumbers primary tumors 20:1; primary site is usually the GI tract What is the most common primary malignant liver tumor? Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) What is the most common primary benign liver tumor? Hemangioma What lab tests comprise the workup for liver metastasis? LFTs (AST and alkaline phosphatase are most useful), CEA for...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Define cholelithiasis Gallstones in gallbladder Define choledocholithiasis Gallstone in common bile duct Define cholecystitis Inflammation of gallbladder Define cholangitis Infection of biliary tract What are the "Big 4" risk factors? The "four Fs": Female, Fat, Forty, and Fertile (multiparity) What are other less common risk factors for gallstones? - Oral contrac...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Small bowel carcinoma (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is small bowel carcinoma? Small bowel carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor originating in the small intestine, comprising only a small percentage of all gastrointestinal malignancies. What are common symptoms of small bowel carcinoma? Symptoms can include abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding. What are the risk factors associated with small b...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Surgical Jaundice (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Name the causes of prehepatic postoperative jaundice Hemolysis (prosthetic valve), resolving hematoma, transfusion reaction, post cardiopulmonary bypass, blood transfusions (decreased RBC compliance leading to cell rupture) Name the causes of postoperative hepatic jaundice Drugs, hypotension, hypoxia, sepsis, hepatitis, "sympathetic" hepatic inflammation from adjacent right lower lobe infarc...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Anal disease (fissures, abscess, fistula) (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Perirectal Abscess . . . What is it? Abscess formation around the anus/rectum What are the signs/ symptoms of a perirectal abscess? Rectal pain, drainage of pus, fever, perianal mass How is the diagnosis of perirectal abscess made? Physical/digital exam reveals perianal/ rectal submucosal mass/fluctuance What is the cause of perirectal abscess? Crypt abscess in dentate lin...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Hiatal hernia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia? Both the stomach and GE junction herniate into the thorax via the esophageal hiatus; also known as type I hiatal hernia What is the incidence of hiatal hernia? 90% of all hiatal hernias What are the symptoms of hiatal hernia? Most patients are asymptomatic, but the condition can cause reflux, dysphagia (from inflammatory edema), esophagitis, and pulmonar...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Ulcerative Colitis vs. Crohn's Disease (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Only the rectum and colon Ulcerative Colitis Any part of the GI tract Crohn's Disease GI bleeding, fulminant colitis, and toxic megacolon Ulcerative Colitis Fistulas and renal stones Crohn's Disease Focal ulcerations alternating with normal mucosa on colonoscopy Crohn's Disease Continuous inflammation in mucosa/submucosa of rectum and colon on colonoscopy Ulcerative C...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Small Bowel Obstruction (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is small bowel obstruction (SBO)? Mechanical obstruction to the passage of intraluminal contents What are the signs/ symptoms of SBO? Abdominal discomfort, cramping, nausea, abdominal distention, emesis, high-pitched bowel sounds What is the #1 cause of SBO around the world? Hernias What is the #1 cause of SBO in children? Hernias What is the #1 cause of SBO in adults (industrial...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Melena and hematochezia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is melena? A black, tarry stool indicating an upper GI bleed What is hematochezia? Bright red blood in stool indicating lower GI bleed In colorectal cancer from which site is melena more common? Right-sided colon cancer In colorectal cancer from which site is hematochezia more common? Left-sided colon cancer Upper GI Bleed

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1 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Hernias (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What type of inguinal hernia is felt on the side of the finger during exam? Direct What type of inguinal hernia is felt on the tip of the finger during exam? Indirect Will umbilical hernias in children <12 months old usually resolve on their own? Yes Risk factors for ventral hernia? Abdominal surgery - Age - Obesity - Wound infection - Surgical drains What is the Dx and treatment? Stomach herniated ...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Hemorrhoids (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What are hemorrhoids? Engorgement of the venous plexuses of the rectum, anus, or both; with protrusion of the mucosa, anal margin, or both Why do we have "healthy" hemorrhoidal tissue? It is thought to be involved with fluid/air continence What are the signs/symptoms? Anal mass/prolapse, bleeding, itching, pain Which type, internal or external, is painful? External, below the dentate line If a pati...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Peptic Ulcer Disease (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Define peptic ulcer disease PUD is an ulcer of the upper GI tract mucosa involving the proximal duodenum (duodenal ulcer~90%) and distal stomach (gastric ulcer~10%) What is the incidence in the US? 10% of the population will suffer from PUD during their lifetime! What are the possible consequences of PUD? Pain, hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction What percentage of patients with PUD develops ...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

Toxic Megacolon (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is toxic megacolon? Toxic megacolon is a life-threatening complication characterized by rapid dilatation of the colon, often associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or infections. ● Toxic patient: sepsis, febrile, abdominal pain ● Megacolon: acutely and massively distended colon What are the typical symptoms of toxic megacolon? Symptoms may include severe abdominal pain, disten...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

EmilyCharlene

General Surgery EOR Smarty PANCE Bundled Exams Questions and Answers 100% Verified and Updated 2024 | Graded A

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8 items

BrittieDonald

Family Medicine EOR: Obstetrics and Gynecology (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct | Latest Version What is the incidence of breast cancer? 12% Lifetime Risk Percentage of women with breast cancer who have zero known risk factors? 75% Percentage of all breast cancers in women <30 years? ~2% Percentage of all breast cancers in women >70 years? 33% Percentage of breast cancers due to inherited mutations? 10% Approximate percentage of inherited breast cancers d...

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71 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Family Medicine EOR: Hematology (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct | Latest Version Normal or ↓ MCV, ↓ TIBC, ↑ Ferritin (high iron stores) ↓ serum erythropoietin Anemia of chronic disease The only anemia where all three cell lines are decreased (pancytopenia) ↓ WBC, ↓ RBC, ↓ Platelets - will have normal MCV and ↓ Retic Aplastic anemia ↓ Folate, ↑ MCV (macrocytic anemia) looks like B12 but no neurologic symptoms. Common in alcoholics Folate defici...

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40 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald