- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Family Medicine EOR: ENOT/Ophthalmology (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass | Latest Version Acute vs. chronic sinusitis? ● Acute sinusitis: symptoms for < 4 weeks duration ● Chronic sinusitis: symptoms for > 12 consecutive weeks ● The disease is subacute when symptomatic for 4-12 weeks Sign and symptoms of acute sinusitis? - Headache - Purulent sputum - Fever - Malaise - Tenderness to palpation over sinus(es) - Opacification w/ transillumination MC fung...

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52 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Family Medicine EOR: Urgent Care (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct | Latest Version What is an acute abdomen? Acute abdomen refers to sudden and severe abdominal pain that requires urgent medical evaluation and often surgical intervention. Name three common causes of acute abdomen. Appendicitis, cholecystitis, and bowel obstruction. Describe the typical presentation of acute abdomen. Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, guarding, rigidity, and rebound tenderness....

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73 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Referred Abdominal Pain (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Right subscapular pain (also epigastric) Cholecystitis Early: periumbilical Rarely: testicular pain Appendicitis Shoulder pain (+ Kehr's sign on the left) Diaphragmatic irritation (from spleen, perforated ulcer, or abscess) Back pain Pancreatitis/cancer Pain in the small of the back Rectal disease Testicular pain/flank pain Nephrolithiasis Midline small of back pain Rectal pain ...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Family Medicine EOR: Infectious Disease (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? HIV is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome What is the RNA structure of HIV? HIV is single-stranded and linear enveloped RNA virus How does untreated HIV infection initially present? Untreated HIV infection initially presents with flu like symptoms, followed by a period of clinical latency. Reactivation of t...

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17 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Acute Abdomen (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is an acute abdomen? Acute abdomen refers to sudden and severe abdominal pain that requires urgent medical evaluation and often surgical intervention. Name three common causes of acute abdomen. Appendicitis, cholecystitis, and bowel obstruction. Describe the typical presentation of acute abdomen. Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, guarding, rigidity, and rebound tenderness. Associated symptoms may include nausea,...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Heartburn and dyspepsia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+ What is GERD? Excessive reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, "heartburn" What are the causes of GERD? -Decreased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone (50% of cases) -Decreased esophageal motility to clear refluxed fluid -Gastric outlet obstruction -Hiatal hernia in 50% of patients What are the signs/symptoms of GERD ? Heartburn, regurgitation, respiratory problems/pneumonia fr...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Acute and chronic cholecystitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is the pathogenesis of acute cholecystitis? Obstruction of cystic duct leads to inflammation of the gallbladder; 95% of cases result from calculi, and 5% from acalculous obstruction What are the risk factors for acute cholecystitis? Gallstones What are the signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis? ● Unrelenting RUQ pain or tenderness ● Fever Nausea/vomiting ● Painfu...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Hematemesis and Upper GI Bleed (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Define upper GI bleed Bleeding into the lumen of the proximal GI tract, proximal to the ligament of Treitz What are the signs/symptoms of an upper GI bleed? Hematemesis, melena, syncope, shock, fatigue, coffee-ground emesis, hematochezia, epigastric discomfort, epigastric tenderness, signs of hypovolemia, guaiac-positive stools Why is it possible to have hematochezia in an upper G...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

General Surgery EOR Smarty PANCE Bundled Exams Questions and Answers 100% Verified and Updated 2024 | Graded A

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19 items

BrittieDonald

Pancreatic pseudocyst (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is a pancreatic pseudocyst? Encapsulated collection of pancreatic fluid What makes it a "pseudo" cyst? Wall is formed by inflammatory fibrosis, NOT epithelial cell lining What is the incidence of a pancreatic pseudocyst? 1 in 10 after alcoholic pancreatitis What are the associated risk factors for a pancreatic pseudocyst? Acute pancreatitis < chronic pancreatitis from alcohol What...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Pancreatic Carcinoma (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Define pancreatic carcinoma Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas arising from duct cells What are the associated risk factors for pancreatic carcinoma? Smoking 3 x risk, diabetes mellitus, heavy alcohol use, chronic pancreatitis, diet high in fried meats, previous gastrectomy What is the male to female ratio for pancreatic carcinoma? 3:2 What is the African American to white ratio for pancreatic ...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Define cholelithiasis Gallstones in gallbladder Define choledocholithiasis Gallstone in common bile duct Define cholecystitis Inflammation of gallbladder Define cholangitis Infection of biliary tract What are the "Big 4" risk factors? The "four Fs": Female, Fat, Forty, and Fertile (multiparity) What are other less common risk factors for gallstones? - Oral contrac...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Liver neoplasms (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is the most common liver cancer? Metastatic disease outnumbers primary tumors 20:1; primary site is usually the GI tract What is the most common primary malignant liver tumor? Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) What is the most common primary benign liver tumor? Hemangioma What lab tests comprise the workup for liver metastasis? LFTs (AST and alkaline phosphatase are most useful), CEA for...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Gastric Cancer (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is the incidence of gastric cancer? Low in United States (10/100,000); high in Japan (78/100,000) What are the associated risk factors? Diet—smoked meats, high nitrates, low fruits and vegetables, alcohol, tobacco Environment—raised in high-risk area, poor socioeconomic status, atrophic gastritis, male gender, blood type A, previous partial gastrectomy, pernicious anemia, polyps, Helicob...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Appendicitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is appendicitis? Inflammation of the appendix caused by obstruction of the appendiceal lumen, producing a closed loop with resultant inflammation that can lead to necrosis and perforation Define Psoas Sign Pain elicited by extending the hip with the knee in full extension, seen with appendicitis and psoas inflammation Define Obturator Sign Pain upon internal rotation of the leg with the hip a...

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6 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Bariatric Surgery (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is bariatric surgery? Weight reduction surgery for the morbidly obese Define morbid obesity 1. BMI > 40 (basically, 100 pounds above ideal body weight) or 2. BMI > 35 with a medical problem related to morbid obesity What is BMI Body Mass Index; a measure of body weight relative to height What is the formula for BMI? body weight in kg divided by height in meters squared What is a f...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Cholangitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is cholangitis? Bacterial infection of the biliary tract from obstruction (either partial or complete); potentially life-threatening What are the common causes of cholangitis? Choledocholithiasis Stricture (usually postoperative) Neoplasm (usually ampullary carcinoma) Extrinsic compression (pancreatic pseudocyst/pancreatitis) Instrumentation of the bile ducts (e.g., PTC/ERCP) Biliary stent What is...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Diverticular disease (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Describe diverticulitis Infection or perforation of a diverticulum What is diverticulosis? Condition in which diverticula can be found within the colon, especially the sigmoid; diverticula are actually false diverticula in that only mucosa and submucosa herniate through the bowel musculature; true diverticula involve all layers of the bowel wall and are rare in the colon Describe the patho...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald

Pyloric Stenosis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is it pyloric stenosis? Hypertrophy of smooth muscle of pylorus, resulting in obstruction of outflow What are the associated risks for pyloric stenosis? Family history, firstborn males are affected most commonly, decreased incidence in African American population What is the incidence of pyloric stenosis? 1 in 750 births, M:F ratio 4:1 What is the average age at onset of pyloric stenosis?...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

BrittieDonald