Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between the mucosa of the small and large intestines? ~ The small intestine has deeper intestinal crypts than the large intestine. Pepsinogen is produced by __________ and is activated by __________, which is secreted by __________. ~ chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells Acid reflux into the esophagus ("heartburn") is normally prevented by __________. ~ the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) Which of the following ...

the myasthenia graves, ACh fails to bind to the muscle sarcolemma, this leads to ~ liquid gated channels not being able to open how many ATP are generated through cellular respiration ~ 36 What generates heat when a muscle contract ~ the production of new ATP needed for muscle contraction Myasthenia gravis is often treated with what ~ Cholinesterase inhibitors what accompanies muscle atrophy ~ loss of muscle mass and loss of structural proteins What lever class has the fulcrum situated...

47. Female orgasm is required for fertilization so if there's no orgasm, there's no chance of pregnancy ~ False 48. If a woman is on top, she can still get pregnant ~ True 49. You don't need contraception if you only have sex during the "safe" time. You're only fertile one day a month ~ False 50. You can get pregnant if it's your first time having intercourse. ~ True 51. Virginity is mythology ~ True 52. You won't get pregnant if you take a shower or bath right af...

CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord; processes information and determines if and how the body should respond by issuing commands to muscle and gland cells PNS a subdivision of the nervous system that is composed of all nerves and ganglia; divided into sensory and motor divisions Sensory (afferent) specialized neurons that detect stimulus (light, heat, pressure, and chemicals) and transmit information about them to the CNS Motor (efferent) neurons that send signals mainly to effectors in...

Resting membrane potential is the product of which channels? K+ leak channels Na+/K+ ATPase What makes neuronal messaging across a membrane possible? A potential because of the charge separation across the membrane At RMP what side are the + and - charges Outside + Inside - How is the RMP maintained? (2 parts) 1. K+ diffusion is in dynamic equilibrium 2. Na/K pump sends out 3Na for every 2K it brings in Channels used by local potentials? Gated K+ channels Action potentials use which channel...

Perimysium bundles muscle fibers together into fascicles; carries the larger nerves and blood vessels as well as stretch receptors called muscle spindles; the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers Endomysium surrounds each muscle fiber; layer of areolar connective tissue that covers each individual myocyte (muscle fiber or muscle cell); it also contains capillaries and nerves; it overlies the muscle fiber's cell membrane - the sarcolemma Epimysium encloses the enti...

Question 1 When compared to a classic lever system the synovial joints of our musculoskeletal system play the role of the Fulcrum Question 2 Which of the following events will occur when depolarizing graded potentials reach the membrane of the axon hillock, causing its membrane potential to reach threshold? Ligand-gated Ca++ channels open rapidly Question 3 The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the______; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movab...

What is the function of the kidney? filter blood, create urine, and stabilize water What are some of the functions the kidney can perform? remove metabolic wastes, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, maintenance of acid-base balance, maintenance of blood pressure, regulation of erythropoiesis, performing other metabolic functions How are metabolic wastes removed? Through the urine How does the kidney maintain electrolyte and fluid balance? By conserving or eliminating water, and ele...

What does the circulatory system consist of ? heart, blood vessels, and the blood What is hematology the study of blood What is the fundamental purpose of the circulatory system? transport substances from place to place in the body What are the three main functions of the circulatory system ? transport , protection, and regulation List five ways in which the circulatory system helps with transport 1. Blood carries O2 from the lungs to all of the body's tissue, while it picks up carbon dioxi...

Digestive tract (aka GI tract) Covering an internal lumen (which is actually "outside" the body) The disassembly line of our body Accessory digestive organs Teeth, pancreas, assisting in mechanical and chemical digestion Which of the following best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion? Connects the mouth to the stomach and has no role in chemical digestion It's role is just propulsion 3 roles of the stomach 1. Storage facility. Most digestion happens in the small intestine so w...