- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Spectrophotometer ? An instrument that measures the concentration of solution by the absorbance by shining a beam of light at the solution What is the Basic Scientific Method? 1.) Accumulate Data or Observant 2.) Formulate a Hypothesis 3.) Observation & Experimentation 4.) New Data 5.) Conclusion 6.) Theory What is a Theory? Describing a hypothesis, or a set of hypothesis, that is substantial amounts of data from diverse lines of investigation A Variable is? Is some condition of the experimen...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

How are Lichens formed? Lichens form from a mutual relation of Algae and Fungus What is a lichen good for? Early colonizers of bore rock, organisms eat them, they provide cover for small organisms, and weavers can use them for dye Where is Red Algae common? Red algae is more common in water. Has been found 260m deep Where is Green Algae common? Green algae is more common on land, and shares plant characteristics Why are algae important to humans? Food, additives, medicine What biochemical a...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Ecology study of one's home/earth Ecosystem community of living organisms and their interactions with their abiotic (non-living) environment Abiotic factors and biotic factors when discussing ecosystems, we consider ________ and _______ factors Flow of energy is dependent on capture and conversion of solar energy into a usable form by all other life why is the sun the ultimate source of energy for all ecosystems? Primary producers convert solar energy to usable through photosynthesis--&gt...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Microscope A device used to see tiny organisms, used for research and counting. Spectrophotometer A device that passes light through a substance in order to assess the absorption and transmittance. Absorbance Measurement of the amount of light captured by the dissolved or suspended material. Transmittance The fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample. Investigated The questions that are asked in science should be able to be _______. Hypothesis A predi...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

How many nucleotides make up each codon? three Where does transcription take place in bacterial cells? the cytoplasm What is the name for the physical location of a gene on a chromosome? locus What is it called when an individual has two copies of the same allele? homozygous _____________is the expression of the genotype. phenotype How many chromosomes does a human gamete have? 23 Meiosis produces _______________ cells. 4 haploid Where do the chromosomes of a homologous pair come from? ch...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Complementation analysis Used to distinguish mutations in the same gene from mutations in different genes Phenotypic ratios Everything is a form of the 9:3:3:1 ratio. You have to figure out why the deviation exists (if it does exist). Genetic Dissection The point of a genetic dissection is to determine the order of a biosynthetic pathway. The mutation that is supported by no supplemental media is the last mutation in the pathway. Epistasis Genes interact with each other and thereby affect exp...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Examine the symbiotic interaction of algae and fungi Lichen is a relationship between fungi & autotrophs Algae make food & fungi gives it a home Role of lichens They break down soil for the next organism Characteristics of algae Eukaryote Has cell wall, single & multi cellular, nucleus, mitochondria, autotrophic, aquatic Role of algae Primary producer, makes CO2, carbs Food source for fish Understand the evidence supporting the hypothesis that land plants and aquatic green algae evolve from ...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

What is life? organisms that 1. Require energy and raw materials, 2. Sense and respond to change, 3. Pass DNA to offspring, 4. Made of up cells What are the four major proterities of life? population, community, ecosystem, biosphere Describe the success levels of life organization. atom: unit of matter Molecule: atoms bonded together Cell: smallest unit of life Organism: individual made of cells Population: group of individuals of a species in an area Community: all the populations of an ...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy. kinetic energy: energy of motion Potential energy: stored energy Identify the source of energy for the biosphere. -energy flows into the world from the sun -photosynthetic organisms capture this energy Describe the nature of redox reactions. oxidation: atom or molecule loses an electron Reduction: atom or molecule gain electron OIL RIG: Oxidation is loss Reduction is gain Redox reactions are always paired Explain the laws of thermodynam...

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15 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

The process of ____________ makes energy available to most terrestrial ecosystems, and ________________ are doing this process. A) sun; plants B) photosynthesis; autotrophic organisms C) eutrophication; autotrophic organisms D) photosynthesis; heterotrophic organisms E) eutrophication; fungi B) photosynthesis; autotrophic organisms An ecosystem can be defined as A) all of the organisms regardless of species living in a defined area. B) all of the organisms of a single species living in a defi...

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8 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum visible light electromagnetic energy is classified based on the wavelength highest energy= gamma radiation the spectrophotometer is used to measure the specific wavelengths and the quantity of light absorbed by a substance the extent to which a solution absorbs light is called the absorbance higher absorbance value equals darker solution the absorbance of a solution is found by using Beer's Law, A=Ebc a measure of how well the substance absorbs light at th...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Understand what kind of research is conducted within the discipline known as "Ecology" Ecology is the study of interactions of living organisms with their environment. Ecologists are interested in the factors that influence the survival of an endangered species. Define and Identify the ecological unit known as an ecosystem The ecosystem is composed of all the biotic and abiotic components in an area Explain why the sun is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all ecosystems and how it...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

In the process of transcription, the enzyme _________ uses DNA as a template to make _________. RNA polymerase; mRNA What is the function of transfer RNA? to transport amino acids to the ribosome, where the amino acid is added to a growing protein. What is the genetic code? The genetic code consists of mRNA codons that determine the order of amino acids in proteins during the process of translation. Use what you know about transcription and translation, along with the table at right if necess...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all land plants? (QZ) The alternation of generations __________ are terrestrial, photosynthetic organisms but are NOT related to the four land plant groups because they represent an obligate mutualism between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. (QZ) Lichens Which land plant group has a dominant independent haploid stage upon which the diploid stage is dependent? (QZ) Bryophytes Which of the following was NOT a significant challenge drivi...

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21 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

_____ is a type of connective tissue and _____ is a type of epithelial tissue. Bone; lining of the digestive tract What is the top side of a vertebrate and other bilateral organisms? Dorsal side What is the bottom side of a vertebrate and other bilateral organisms? Ventral side Germ layer on the outside layer of the body. Forms skin and nervous system (nerves). Ectoderm The middle germ layer. Mostly muscle and bones. Mesoderm The inner germ layer. Forms intestines and other internal organs....

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29 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

What is the function of a photosystem in plants to collect energy from the sun and use it to split water freeing high energy electrons Where in an atp molecule is energy stored and how is the energy released in the bond holding the third phosphate released by breaking the bond in an exergonic reaction What is the role of nadh and fadh2 in the process of aerobic respiration to transport energy rich electrons to the first acceptor of the electron transfer system What is the function of endocyto...

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13 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Science is subdivided into specific areas of study termed disciplines. These divisions are artificial but are helpful to narrow the massive scope of scientific knowledge to a manageable amount. Given what you know about each, which scientific division is likely to present the best answer to a question about how fluid dynamics affect blood pressure in mammals? Biophysics - study of biological processes through physics Darwin's ideas on evolution were advanced for his time. His approach to sci...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Autotrophs able to produce their own organic molecules Heterotrophs live on organic compounds produced by other organisms (they eat autotrophs) Cellular respiration all organisms use cellular respiration to extract energy from organic molecules A series of redox reactions 4 basic steps of cellular respiration glycolysis, nadh and fadh2, pyruvate oxidation, krebs cycle Glycolysis (1) occurs in cytoplasm, 6 carbon breaks into 3 carbon; glucose is oxidized Nadh and fadh2 (2) carry the electro...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

Is respiration an endergonic (requires energy input) or exergonic (releases energy) reaction? exergonic Which of the following is NOT a stage of aerobic cellular respiration? Calvin Cycle glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation Krebs Cycle calvin cycle What is the net gain of ATP through the process of glycolysis? 2 ATP What is the metabolic process that can produce ethanol or lactic acid as a product? fermentation __________________ is a type of exergonic (release energy or "energy exiting...

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18 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

twishfrancis

1)What is the name given to organisms that can make their food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms? A) chemotrophs B) heterotrophs C) synthesizers D) autotrophs Answer: D 2) Photoautotrophs A) make sugar by using organic raw materials. B) produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules. C) eat other organisms that use light energy to make food molecules. D) include only the green plants. Answer: B 3) Which of the follow...

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15 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

twishfrancis