Applied Pathophysiology Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is ventilation? inspiration (acquiring oxygen) and expiring (removing co2) Describe the different measures of ventilation. - tidal volume (tv)--volume of air going in and out at rest - vital capacity (vc)--maximal amount of air that can deliberately be moved in or out of lungs with forced inhalation and exhalation - forced vital capacity (fvc)--maximal amount of air that is exhaled from lungs during forced exhalation - forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1)--maximal amount of...

Immune response is considered to be the third line of defense and wages a specific defense depending on the type of invader Injury is defined in the broadest sense to include any form of damage or alteration to cells or tissues Vascular response to increase blood flow to the site of an injury Cellular response to alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury Dilate widen Permeable loosening to allow cells to easily move through tissues or vessels Endothelial cells form ...

What is the etiology of ARDS? (3 things) anaphylaxis smoke inhalation lung infection Total obstruction of the airways results in: rapid loss of consciousness What is the core pathophysiologic problem in cystic fibrosis? altered chloride and water transport What is the etiology of COPD in the majority of cases? smoking You are caring for a 20 year old with a severe asthma exacerbation. He is wheezing, short of breath, hypoxic and afraid. What is causing these acute symptoms? constricti...

The most dangerous complication arising from abnormal potassium levels is cardiac arrhythmia. a. TRUE b. FALSE a. TRUE A deficiency of vitamin D can cause hyponatremia. a. TRUE b. FALSE b. FALSE A tumor that release excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone will most likely result in hypocalcemia. a. TRUE b. FALSE b. FALSE ___________ is the most abundant cation in the extracellular space. Sodium Two solutions that are isotonic have the exact same solutes dissolved in them. a. TRUE...

Cellular Injury reversible Cellular Swelling, Loss of ATP, Detachment of Ribosomes Cellular Injury Irreversible Severe Vacuolization of the mitochondria Necrosis Pathologic cell death Apoptosis Normal genetically programmed and timed cell death Four Common forms of Cellular insult Hypoxic, reactive oxygen species, chemical, and immunologic/inflammatory injuries. Hypoxic Injury ATP depletion causes damage

Types of Acute Coronary Syndroms Plaque Progression, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Occulsion, Angina Pectoris, Myocardial infarction Coronary Artery Occulsion Narrowing of the coronary arteries Differences between Myocardial Ischemia and Myocardial infarction. Myocardial ischemia presents with chest pain that lasts 3-5 minutes and than dissipates, while myocardial infarction presents with continuous chest pain Causes of Angina Pectoris Cardiovascular disease or anemia What d...

What is the meaning of the term cellular adaptation? Cells are able to adapt to workload or threats to survival by changing their size, number, and form What are the types of adverse changes? 1. Disuse 2. Overuse or increased workload 3. Hormonal Response (increase or decrease) 4. Environmental Stress (smoke, chemicals, etc.) 5. Environmental Stress (smoke, chemicals,etc.) 6. Chronic Irritation (smoke, viruses, etc.) What are the different types of cellular adaptation? 1. Atropy 2. Hyp...

Anemia Definition Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes (RBCs) in the circulating blood OR Decrease in quantity OR quality of Hb This results in ↓O2 carrying capacity of the blood Hypoxemia Hypoxia Causes Impaired erythrocyte production Blood loss (acute/chronic) Increased erythrocyte destruction Mild S/S Fatigue/Weakness/Dizzy Pallor (skin and mucus membranes) Cold hands and feet Nail changes (become brittle) Hair loss Dangerous S/S SOB/Dyspnea Chest pain/Arrhythm...

Acute Short term; Fast on set Chronic Long term; Slow on set Compensatory Mechanism Physiological response to homeostatic imbalance (Positive or negative feedback mechanism) Congenital Born with Etiology Cause of disease Homeostasis Body natural balance Iatrogenic Unintended affect of treatment

The study of the disorder or breakdown of the human body's function? Pathophysiology. Disease usually occurs when? A disruption in homeostasis or deviation. -Dynamic process -The relative consistency of the body's internal processes -Give and take system -Equilibrium is necessary for all cellsSelf-regulating -Compensatory -Negative feedback-most common; Ex-temp regulation -Positive feedback-Ex: blood clot -May use many means to correct one imbalance Homeostasis Age Gender Genetic...