Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology
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Free surface - ANSWEROpen to the surroundings (top of cells) 
 
Basal surface - ANSWERThe underside of the cells 
 
Basement membrane - ANSWERA "glue" that is secreted by the cells and binds the cells to the underlying tissue. Is also avascular material 
 
Avascular - ANSWERLacking blood vessels 
 
Simple Epithelium - ANSWERComposed of a single layer of cells 
 
Stratified Epithelium - ANSWERComposed of cells arranged in layers 
 
Squamous - ANSWERFlat cells 
 
Cuboidal - ANSWERCells shaped li...
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Gross Anatomy - ANSWERthe study of the macroscopic structures of an organism 
 
Microscopic Anatomy - ANSWERthe study of the microscopic structures of an organism 
 
Physiology - ANSWERthe study of the functions of an organism and its parts 
 
Histology - ANSWER(microscopic anatomy) the study of the microscopic structures of an organism 
 
Organ - ANSWERa group of tissues specialized for a particular function 
 
Tissues - ANSWERgroups of cells forming various building materials of the body 
 
Ho...
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mastication - ANSWERthe process of chewing 
 
digestion - ANSWERthe breakdown of food molecules into their individual components 
 
deglutition - ANSWERthe act of swallowing 
 
peristalsis - ANSWERthe process of contraction and relaxation of circular smooth muscle that pushes food through the alimentary canal 
 
gastric juice - ANSWERthe acidic secretions of the stomach, pH of 1-3 
 
adventitia - ANSWERa thin layer of loose connective tissue that binds an organ to surrounding tissues or organs, ...
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Name and describe the key components of the two major divisions of the nervous system - ANSWERThe nervous system is responsible for coordinating motor functions 
 
Central Nervous System: 
-Responsible for processing and interpreting signals from the senses and the body's inner organs, and programming reflexes and instincts 
-Brain and Spinal Cord 
Peripheral Nervous System: 
-Responsible for sending information to and from the brain and spinal cord 
-Nerves 
 
Identify the structure and func...
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1) Which of the following terms describes the body's ability to maintain its normal state? 
 
(A) Anabolism 
(B) Catabolism 
(C) Tolerance 
(D) Homeostasis 
(E) Metabolism - ANSWER1) D 
(Homeostasis) 
 
2) Each of the following is known to help prevent infection EXCEPT 
 
(A) hair in the nose 
(B) mucous membranes 
(C) osteoblasts 
(D) saliva 
(E) tears - ANSWER2) C 
(osteoblasts) 
 
3) Each of the following mature cells has a nucleus EXCEPT 
 
(A) lymphocyte 
(B) monocyte 
(C) erythrocyte 
(D)...
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Elaine falls off her bike and scrapes her hands. Based on this information, which type of tissue did the fall injure? - ANSWEREpithelial 
 
Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. Based on the information in the table and diagram, which of the following is true? - ANSWERThe dermis contains connective tissue. 
 
Janny is studying the bones of the sp...
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A bone-forming cell - ANSWERosteoblast 
 
A mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix - ANSWERosteocyte 
 
A large multinucleated cell that breaks down bone - ANSWEROsteoclast 
 
A localized mass of blood that is confined to an organ or some definable space - ANSWERHematoma 
 
A mass of tissue that connects the ends of a broken bone - ANSWERCallus 
 
The position acquired when one stands erect with the feet facing forward, the upper limbs hanging at the sides, and the palms facing forward with ...
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anatomy - ANSWERstudy of organs and systems 
 
microscopic anatomy - ANSWERaka histology 
 
physiology - ANSWERstudy of functions of organs and systems 
 
gross anatomy - ANSWERseen with naked eye 
 
protoplasm - ANSWERcells composed of gel-like substance 
 
cells - ANSWERbasic units of living matter 
 
metabolism - ANSWERbuilding up larger molecules, break down larger molecules, and releasing energy 
 
epithelial tissue - ANSWERtissue that covers and protects 
 
system - ANSWERgroup of body str...
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Directly causes mechanical motion - ANSWERIntegumentary 
 
Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses - ANSWERNervous 
 
Provides support and levers for muscles to work on - ANSWERMuscular 
 
Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D - ANSWERSkeletal 
 
Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones - ANSWEREndocrine 
 
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues - ANSWERCardiovascular 
 
) Produces antibodies that neutrali...
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The blood cells that fight infection are the... - ANSWERLeukocytes 
 
The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood as it returns from the body cells is the... - ANSWERRight atrium 
 
The shaft of long bones is the... - ANSWERDiaphysis 
 
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium us the... - ANSWERTricuspid valve 
 
The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the front of the eye is the... - ANSWERConj...
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