FNH 250 Midterm 1 Content Exam Questions And Answers

FNH 250 Midterm 1 Content Exam
Questions And Answers

Define the terms nutrition, nutrient and essential nutrient - ANSWER -

List the 6 classes of nutrients that are essential for health, and identify key
characteristics of each class - ANSWER -

Explain how vitamins and minerals differ from each other, and from carbohydrates,
lipids and protein - ANSWER -

While enjoying dinner with your family, your mother mentions she had heard that not all
nutrients are essential. Knowing that you are taking a foundational nutritional course,
she asks you to explain how that could be. In her mind, all nutrients are essential -
ANSWER -

Nutrition - ANSWER -The study of nutrients found in foods and the body's handling of
them

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Transport
5. Metabolism
6. Storage
7. Excretion

Nutrients - ANSWER -substances found in foods used in the body to promote growth,
maintenance and repair of tissue

Essential Nutrients - ANSWER -- Nutrients the body cannot make at all or in sufficient
quantity to meet the body's need
- Must be obtained from diet

Must meet 3 criteria
1. must have an identified biological function
2. absence of nutrient must lead to observable symptoms
3. restoration of nutrient before permanent damage occurs will reverse deficiency
symptoms

calorie - ANSWER -- amount of energy it takes to raise 1 gram (mL) of water by 1°C

,- very small measure of energy

kcalorie (kcal) - ANSWER -1000 calories = 1 Calorie
- energy it takes to raise 1 kilogram (L) water by 1°C
- term used when referring to the energy in foods
- Calorie (capital "C") used on food labels
- In everyday conversations, we are referring to big "C" Calories

Nutrient-dense Foods - ANSWER -- High level of vitamins and/or minerals
(micronutrients) per kcal
- ex. vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes

Energy-dense Foods - ANSWER -"Empty Calorie Foods"
- few micronutrients, lots of kcal
ex. potato chips, pop, alcohol (7kcal/g)

Is alcohol a nutrient? - ANSWER -No
- not needed to support life

Goal - ANSWER -Strive for optimal nutrition - not too little, not too much - need to plan
and assess a healthy diet

6 Classes of Nutrients - ANSWER -1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Protein
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water

Energy-Yielding Nutrients - ANSWER -*Macronutrients*
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Protein

Carbohydrates (CHO) - ANSWER -- 4 kcal/g
- includes dietary fibres
- mostly in plant foods, but also in animal milks

Basic building blocks
- simple sugars
- major source of energy (except fibres)

Lipids (FAT) - ANSWER -- 9 kcal/g
- degree of saturation, length
- plant and animal foods

, Basic Building Blocks
Fatty acids
1. essential fatty acids
2. non-essential fatty acids

- major source of energy

Protein (PRO) - ANSWER -- 4 kcal/gram
- structural, working uses
- plant and animal foods

Basic building blocks
amino acids
1) Essential aa's
2) Non-essental aa's

- minor source of energy

Non-Energy Yielding Nutrients - ANSWER -*Micronutrients = Vitamins & Minerals (not
water)*

Vitamins (VIT) - ANSWER -- 0 kcal/g, does not directly provide energy
- 4 vitamins = fat-soluble (KADE)
- 9 = water-soluble: B-vitamins, C
- B-vitamins = CO-ENZYMES
- consumed in smaller quantities
- chemically organic compounds (contain carbon)

Water soluble: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, B-6, B.12, folate,
vitamin C.

Coenzyme - ANSWER -A coenzyme is an organic non-protein compound that binds
with an enzyme to catalyze a reaction. Coenzymes are often broadly called cofactors,
but they are chemically different. A coenzyme cannot function alone, but can be reused
several times when paired with an enzyme.

Minerals (MIN) - ANSWER -- 0 kcal/g
- does not directly provide energy
- 7 major minerals; 8+ trace minerals
- COFACTORS
- consumed in varying amounts
- often used for structural components
- chemically inorganic elements in diet

Major minerals - ANSWER -1. sodium
2. potassium