FNH 250 FINAL EXAM | 409 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Protein ...ANSWER...4 Kcal/g
supply 5% of energy
transanimation ...ANSWER...A process used to synthesize non essential amino
acids
A chemical reaction that transfers an amino group from an AA to a "Keto Acid" (c-
skeleton) forms a new amino acid.
Protein recycling ...ANSWER...Called Protein Turnover
300 g/day recycled
100 g/day consumed
Protein Deamination ...ANSWER...Catabolism of AA to form energy
occurs mostly in the liver
by products = keto acid & N
,N is converted into toxic NH3
Liver converts NH3 (ammonia)--> UREA
Amino acid role inside cell ...ANSWER...- synthesize other proteins
- synthesize other non essential AA (transamination)
-recycled into vitamins
- deaminated to produce keto acids &N
keto acid ...ANSWER...A c-skeleton
can be:
- burned for immediate energy
-synthesized into FA for storage as potential energy
ketosis ...ANSWER...an undesirably high concentration of ketone bodies in the
blood and urine
Complete Proteins ...ANSWER...High Quality Proteins
,- provides all the eaa in adequate quantities that meet human needs
-generally in animal foods
-used most efficiently by body to support growth/maintenance or repair
Incomplete Proteins ...ANSWER...Low Quality Proteins
-one or more eaa is missing
-the "limiting aa" = the eaa in lowest concentration in that food
-generally from plant foods
Ideal Protein Food combination ...ANSWER...Grains& Veggie
Nuts, Seeds & Veggies
Grains & Legumes
Nuts, Seeds & Legumes
Protein Intake ...ANSWER...adults require - 15% of PRO intake as eea
infants/ preschoolers require- 32-43% of PRO intake intake as eea (to support
growth)
, Dietary Advantages of Consuming plant based protein ...ANSWER...Fiber, lower
SFA, no cholesterol, increased phytochemicals.
amino acids structure ...ANSWER...linked via peptide bonds
2 or more separate chains of protein must link together to form a larger
AGGREGATE in order for protein to be functional
sometimes a protein needs a mineral to become active (iron in Hb)
Advantages of protein denaturing ...ANSWER...- in stomach stomach acid
denatures proteins to increase exposure of the PRO to digestive enzymes
Protein Digestion ...ANSWER...primary role is to provide amino acids to the body
Mouth- no protein digesting enzymes (only chewing and mixing with saliva)
Stomach- GASTRIN (hormone) causes release of gastric juices
1. Acid denatures proteins so digestive enzymes can work on the peptide bonds
2. acid activates pepsinogen + HCL = Pepsin
Pepsin - Digests 10% of protein in the stomach
AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Protein ...ANSWER...4 Kcal/g
supply 5% of energy
transanimation ...ANSWER...A process used to synthesize non essential amino
acids
A chemical reaction that transfers an amino group from an AA to a "Keto Acid" (c-
skeleton) forms a new amino acid.
Protein recycling ...ANSWER...Called Protein Turnover
300 g/day recycled
100 g/day consumed
Protein Deamination ...ANSWER...Catabolism of AA to form energy
occurs mostly in the liver
by products = keto acid & N
,N is converted into toxic NH3
Liver converts NH3 (ammonia)--> UREA
Amino acid role inside cell ...ANSWER...- synthesize other proteins
- synthesize other non essential AA (transamination)
-recycled into vitamins
- deaminated to produce keto acids &N
keto acid ...ANSWER...A c-skeleton
can be:
- burned for immediate energy
-synthesized into FA for storage as potential energy
ketosis ...ANSWER...an undesirably high concentration of ketone bodies in the
blood and urine
Complete Proteins ...ANSWER...High Quality Proteins
,- provides all the eaa in adequate quantities that meet human needs
-generally in animal foods
-used most efficiently by body to support growth/maintenance or repair
Incomplete Proteins ...ANSWER...Low Quality Proteins
-one or more eaa is missing
-the "limiting aa" = the eaa in lowest concentration in that food
-generally from plant foods
Ideal Protein Food combination ...ANSWER...Grains& Veggie
Nuts, Seeds & Veggies
Grains & Legumes
Nuts, Seeds & Legumes
Protein Intake ...ANSWER...adults require - 15% of PRO intake as eea
infants/ preschoolers require- 32-43% of PRO intake intake as eea (to support
growth)
, Dietary Advantages of Consuming plant based protein ...ANSWER...Fiber, lower
SFA, no cholesterol, increased phytochemicals.
amino acids structure ...ANSWER...linked via peptide bonds
2 or more separate chains of protein must link together to form a larger
AGGREGATE in order for protein to be functional
sometimes a protein needs a mineral to become active (iron in Hb)
Advantages of protein denaturing ...ANSWER...- in stomach stomach acid
denatures proteins to increase exposure of the PRO to digestive enzymes
Protein Digestion ...ANSWER...primary role is to provide amino acids to the body
Mouth- no protein digesting enzymes (only chewing and mixing with saliva)
Stomach- GASTRIN (hormone) causes release of gastric juices
1. Acid denatures proteins so digestive enzymes can work on the peptide bonds
2. acid activates pepsinogen + HCL = Pepsin
Pepsin - Digests 10% of protein in the stomach
