HSC 404, FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
VERIFIED 100% CORRECT!!
The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the disease
rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This measure of
effect is influenced by: Answer - -the relative risk of the disease in exposed
individuals versus unexposed individuals
AND
-the prevalence of the exposure in the population
If it is accepted than an observed association is a causal one, an estimate of the
impact that a successful preventative program might have, can be derived
from: Answer - attributable risk
When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral
cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will
result in:
-a lower p value
-a greater odds ratio
-a smaller 95% confidence interval
-a higher disease prevalence Answer - -none of the above
An attributable-risk percent of 80% was calculated for the association between
smoking and lung cancer death. The best interpretation of this statistic would
, be: Answer - Of those dying of lung cancer who smoke, 80% of those deaths
are attributed to their smoking, assuming a causal association exists.
Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are
due to cigarette smoking. This is an example of: Answer - attributable risk
Selection bias is most likely to occur in: Answer - both retrospective cohort
studies and case control studies
Recall bias is most likely to occur in: Answer - case control studies
In a study to determine the incidence of chronic disease, 150 people were
examined at the end of a three-year period. Twelve cases were found, giving a
cumulative risk of 8%. Fifty other members of the initial cohort could not be
examined; 20 of these 50 could not be examined because they died. Which
source of bias may have affected the study? Answer - selection bias: survival
bias
You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and suggest
that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While presenting
these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you could have thought about
confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have confounded your
interpretation of the data if it: Answer - is a factor associated with physical
activity and heart disease
The strategy which is NOT aimed at reducing selection bias is: Answer -
Standardized protocol for structured interviews
Which is NOT a method for controlling the effects of confounding in
epidemiological studies? Answer - Blinding
VERIFIED 100% CORRECT!!
The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the disease
rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This measure of
effect is influenced by: Answer - -the relative risk of the disease in exposed
individuals versus unexposed individuals
AND
-the prevalence of the exposure in the population
If it is accepted than an observed association is a causal one, an estimate of the
impact that a successful preventative program might have, can be derived
from: Answer - attributable risk
When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral
cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will
result in:
-a lower p value
-a greater odds ratio
-a smaller 95% confidence interval
-a higher disease prevalence Answer - -none of the above
An attributable-risk percent of 80% was calculated for the association between
smoking and lung cancer death. The best interpretation of this statistic would
, be: Answer - Of those dying of lung cancer who smoke, 80% of those deaths
are attributed to their smoking, assuming a causal association exists.
Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are
due to cigarette smoking. This is an example of: Answer - attributable risk
Selection bias is most likely to occur in: Answer - both retrospective cohort
studies and case control studies
Recall bias is most likely to occur in: Answer - case control studies
In a study to determine the incidence of chronic disease, 150 people were
examined at the end of a three-year period. Twelve cases were found, giving a
cumulative risk of 8%. Fifty other members of the initial cohort could not be
examined; 20 of these 50 could not be examined because they died. Which
source of bias may have affected the study? Answer - selection bias: survival
bias
You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and suggest
that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While presenting
these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you could have thought about
confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have confounded your
interpretation of the data if it: Answer - is a factor associated with physical
activity and heart disease
The strategy which is NOT aimed at reducing selection bias is: Answer -
Standardized protocol for structured interviews
Which is NOT a method for controlling the effects of confounding in
epidemiological studies? Answer - Blinding
