Introduction to Psychology – Final Exam – PSY 101 – Comprehensive Review Notes and Practice Questions

Introduction to Psychology – Final Exam – PSY 101 – Verified
Review Questions and Answers

 Personality - Correct Answer -A person's internally based characteristic ways of acting
and thinking.
 Unique psychological qualities that influence a variety of characteristic patterns of
behavior and ways of thinking that determines a person's adjustment to the
environment.

 Conscious mind - Correct Answer -Freud's term for what you are presently aware of

 Preconscious mind - Correct Answer -Freud's term for what is stored in your memory
that you are not presently aware of but can access

 Unconscious mind - Correct Answer -Freud's term for the part of our mind that we
cannot become aware of.

 Id - Correct Answer -The part of the personality that a person is born with, where the
biological instinctual drives reside, and that is located totally in the unconscious
mind.

 Pleasure principle - Correct Answer -The principle of seeking immediate gratification
for instinctual drives without concern for the consequences

 Ego - Correct Answer -The part of the personality that starts developing in the first
year or so of life to find realistic outlets for the id's instinctual drives.

 Reality principle - Correct Answer -The principle of finding gratification for instinctual
drives within the constraints of reality (norms of society).

 Superego - Correct Answer -The part of the personality that represents one's
conscience and idealized standards of behavior.

 Defense mechanism - Correct Answer -A process used by the ego to distort reality
and protect a person from anxiety.

 Erogenous zone - Correct Answer -The area of the body where the id's pleasure-
seeking energies are focused during a particular stage of psychosexual development.

 Fixation - Correct Answer -Some of the id's pleasure-seeking energies remaining in a
psychosexual stage due to excessive or insufficient gratification of instinctual needs.

 Oral stage of psychosexual development - Correct Answer -First stage in Freud's
theory


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, Birth to 18 months
 Erogenous zones are mouth, lips, tongue
 Child derives pleasure from oral activities such as biting, sucking, chewing

 Anal stage of psychosexual development - Correct Answer -Second stage in Freud's
theory
 18 months to 3 years
 Erogenous zone is anus
 Child derives pleasure from stimulation of anal area through having and withholding
anal movements

 Phallic stage of psychosexual development - Correct Answer -Third stage in Freud's
theory
 3 to 6 years
 Erogenous zone is located at genitals
 Child derives pleasure from genital stimulation

 Oedipus Conflict - Correct Answer -Freud
 Phallic stage conflict in which boy becomes sexually attracted to mother and fears his
father will find out and castrate him.

 Identification - Correct Answer -Process by which children adopt characteristics of
same-sex parent and learn their gender role and sense of morality

 Latency stage of psychosexual development - Correct Answer -Fourth stage in
Freud's theory
 6 years to puberty
 No erogenous zone
 Sexual feelings are repressed and the focus is on cognitive and social development

 Genital stage of psychosexual development - Correct Answer -Fifth stage in Freud's
theory
 Puberty to adulthood
 Erogenous zone is genitals
 Child develops sexual relationships, moving towards intimate adult relationships

 Hierarchy of Needs - Correct Answer -Motivation
 Suggests that the innate needs which motivate our behavior are arranged in a
pyramid shape.
 From bottom to top:
 Physiological (hunger, thirst)
 Safety (feel safe, secure, stable)
 Belonging and love (to love and be love, belong, be accepted)
 Esteem (self-esteem, achievement, competence, independence)
 Self-actualization (live up to potential)


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,  Self-actualization - Correct Answer -The fullest realization of a person's potential

 Conditions of worth - Correct Answer -The behaviors and attitudes for which other
people (starting with parents) will give us positive regard

 Unconditional positive regard - Correct Answer -Unconditional acceptance and
approval of a person by others

 Self-system - Correct Answer -The set of cognitive processes by which a person
observes, evaluates, and regulates their behavior

 Self-efficacy - Correct Answer -A judgement of one's effectiveness in dealing with
particular situations

 External locus of control - Correct Answer -The perception that chance or external
forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

 Internal locus of control - Correct Answer -The perception that you control your own
fate.

 Learned helplessness - Correct Answer -A sense of hopelessness in which a person
thinks that he is unable to prevent aversive events.

 Attribution - Correct Answer -The process by which we explain our own behavior and
that of others

 Self-serving bias - Correct Answer -The tendency to make attributions so that one
can perceive oneself favorably

 Traits - Correct Answer -The relatively stable internally based characteristics that
describe a person

 Personal inventory - Correct Answer -An objective personality test that uses a series
of questions or statements for which the test taker must indicate whether they apply
to him/her or not.

 Projective test - Correct Answer -A personality test that uses a series of ambiguous
stimuli to which the test taker must respond about her perception of the stimuli

 Personality Theories - Correct Answer -Type Theories
 Trait Theories

 Type Theories - Correct Answer -Distinct (no overlap) pattern of personality
characteristics
o Sheldon Somatotypes
o Eysenck

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