BIOL227 Lab 4 Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
integument - ✔✔skin
Epidermis - ✔✔The outermost layer of the skin this is avascular and composed of stratified squamous
epithelium with 4-5 layers
Stratum corneum - ✔✔The most superficial layer of the epidermis, constantly exfoliated and replaced.
Stratum lucidum - ✔✔A layer found only in thick skin, such as the palms of the hands and the soles of
the feet.
Stratum granulosum - ✔✔A layer where cells begin to die in the epidermis.
Stratum spinosum - ✔✔A layer of uneven layers of cells in the epidermis.
Stratum basale - ✔✔The deepest layer of the epidermis where mitosis occurs, cells receive nourishment,
and a distinct border is formed.
functions of Keratinocytes - ✔✔produce keratin, structural support
Melanocytes - ✔✔Cells that produce melanin, influencing skin coloration and shielding DNA from UV
radiation.
Dendritic cells - ✔✔Cells responsible for phagocytosis, digesting infected cells in the epidermis.
Dermis - ✔✔The underlying connective tissue of the skin that is dense irregular tissue and contains
various sensory receptors and accessory structures
, Papillary layer - ✔✔The superficial layer of the dermis, composed of areolar connective tissue,
containing dermal papillae, friction ridges, and a capillary network.
Reticular layer - ✔✔The deeper layer of the dermis, made of dense irregular connective tissue, collagen,
elastic fibers, blood supply, and nerve fibers.
Hypodermis - ✔✔The subcutaneous tissue made up of adipose tissue, not considered part of the skin.
Merocrine Sweat Glands - ✔✔Glands found all over the body that produce clear perspiration for
temperature regulation.
Apocrine Sweat Glands - ✔✔Glands found in axillary or genital areas that produce merocrine sweat
along with proteins and lipids.
Homeostasis - ✔✔The maintenance of optimal internal conditions, including temperature, pH, and
hydration, for the body's normal functioning.
Dermal Arterioles - ✔✔Small arteries in the dermis that regulate blood flow to the skin surface, aiding in
heat retention or dissipation.
Sensory Receptors - ✔✔Specialized nerve endings that detect pain, touch, temperature, pressure, and
vibration
Cutaneous Glands - ✔✔Glands within the skin that include sweat glands (sudoriferous) and oil glands
(sebaceous).
Nails - ✔✔Hardened plates on the fingers and toes, consisting of the nail body, free edge, cuticle, nail
root, nail bed, nail matrix, and lunula.
Hair - ✔✔A filamentous structure covering the skin
integument - ✔✔skin
Epidermis - ✔✔The outermost layer of the skin this is avascular and composed of stratified squamous
epithelium with 4-5 layers
Stratum corneum - ✔✔The most superficial layer of the epidermis, constantly exfoliated and replaced.
Stratum lucidum - ✔✔A layer found only in thick skin, such as the palms of the hands and the soles of
the feet.
Stratum granulosum - ✔✔A layer where cells begin to die in the epidermis.
Stratum spinosum - ✔✔A layer of uneven layers of cells in the epidermis.
Stratum basale - ✔✔The deepest layer of the epidermis where mitosis occurs, cells receive nourishment,
and a distinct border is formed.
functions of Keratinocytes - ✔✔produce keratin, structural support
Melanocytes - ✔✔Cells that produce melanin, influencing skin coloration and shielding DNA from UV
radiation.
Dendritic cells - ✔✔Cells responsible for phagocytosis, digesting infected cells in the epidermis.
Dermis - ✔✔The underlying connective tissue of the skin that is dense irregular tissue and contains
various sensory receptors and accessory structures
, Papillary layer - ✔✔The superficial layer of the dermis, composed of areolar connective tissue,
containing dermal papillae, friction ridges, and a capillary network.
Reticular layer - ✔✔The deeper layer of the dermis, made of dense irregular connective tissue, collagen,
elastic fibers, blood supply, and nerve fibers.
Hypodermis - ✔✔The subcutaneous tissue made up of adipose tissue, not considered part of the skin.
Merocrine Sweat Glands - ✔✔Glands found all over the body that produce clear perspiration for
temperature regulation.
Apocrine Sweat Glands - ✔✔Glands found in axillary or genital areas that produce merocrine sweat
along with proteins and lipids.
Homeostasis - ✔✔The maintenance of optimal internal conditions, including temperature, pH, and
hydration, for the body's normal functioning.
Dermal Arterioles - ✔✔Small arteries in the dermis that regulate blood flow to the skin surface, aiding in
heat retention or dissipation.
Sensory Receptors - ✔✔Specialized nerve endings that detect pain, touch, temperature, pressure, and
vibration
Cutaneous Glands - ✔✔Glands within the skin that include sweat glands (sudoriferous) and oil glands
(sebaceous).
Nails - ✔✔Hardened plates on the fingers and toes, consisting of the nail body, free edge, cuticle, nail
root, nail bed, nail matrix, and lunula.
Hair - ✔✔A filamentous structure covering the skin
