705 Advanced pathophysiology Exam
#1 Test Questions and All Correct
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
List the cells involved in innate immune system - Answer Never let mamas eat bananas daily
1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes, Macrophages, Mast cells
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils
6. Dendritic cells
Know the role of the organelles
1. Mitochondria - Answer o Function: Energy production (ATP) through cellular respiration.
o Plays a role in apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Mitochondria have their own DNA, which supports the endosymbiotic theory
Know the role of the organelles
2. - Golgi apparatus - Answer o Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
for transport to their destinations.
o Produces lysosomes.
o Works closely with the ER for the processing and packaging of proteins.
Know the role of the organelles
3. Cell membrane - Answer o Semi-permeable
Phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic (water-loving) head, and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails
- Has lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and function as cellular markers (MHC on surface) so they
can recognize each other and differentiate self and foreign cells
,Mitosis
Purpose:
Number of cell divisions:
Number of daughter cells:
Genetic composition:
Number of chromosomes produced:
Type of cells produced:
Occurs in:
Crossing over:
Homologous chromosomes paring?:
Time required:
error lead to: - Answer Purpose:
Growth, repair of asexual reproduction
Number of cell divisions: 1
Number of daughter cells: 2
Genetic composition:
,Type of cells produced: somatic (body) cells
Occurs in: All somatic cells
Crossing over: Does not occur
Homologous chromosomes: DO not pair
Time required: SHort
error lead to: Cancer (uncontrolled mitosis)
Meiosis
Purpose:
Number of cell divisions:
Number of daughter cells:
Genetic composition:
Number of chromosomes produced:
Type of cells produced:
Occurs in:
Crossing over:
Homologous chromosomes:
Time required
, Number of cell divisions:
2 (meiosis I and meiosis II
Number of daughter cells: 4
Genetic composition:
Genetically unique due to crossing over and independent assortment
Number of chromosomes produced:
Recued chromosome number by half (Haploid, N)
Type of cells produced:
Games (sperm and egg cells)
Occurs in: Germ cells in reproductive organs
Crossing over:
Occurs in prophase 1 (homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Homologous chromosomes Pair during prophase 1 Synapsis
Time required: Longer due to two division cycles
Errors lead to: Chromosomal abnormalities like down syndrome
What happens in each phase of Mitosis
1. Prophase - Answer 1. strands of DNA, called chromatin, condense into chromosomes,
- nuclear membrane breaks down,
- Centrosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell and facilitate formation of mitotic spindle
spindle fibers form
#1 Test Questions and All Correct
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
List the cells involved in innate immune system - Answer Never let mamas eat bananas daily
1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes, Macrophages, Mast cells
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils
6. Dendritic cells
Know the role of the organelles
1. Mitochondria - Answer o Function: Energy production (ATP) through cellular respiration.
o Plays a role in apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Mitochondria have their own DNA, which supports the endosymbiotic theory
Know the role of the organelles
2. - Golgi apparatus - Answer o Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
for transport to their destinations.
o Produces lysosomes.
o Works closely with the ER for the processing and packaging of proteins.
Know the role of the organelles
3. Cell membrane - Answer o Semi-permeable
Phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic (water-loving) head, and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails
- Has lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and function as cellular markers (MHC on surface) so they
can recognize each other and differentiate self and foreign cells
,Mitosis
Purpose:
Number of cell divisions:
Number of daughter cells:
Genetic composition:
Number of chromosomes produced:
Type of cells produced:
Occurs in:
Crossing over:
Homologous chromosomes paring?:
Time required:
error lead to: - Answer Purpose:
Growth, repair of asexual reproduction
Number of cell divisions: 1
Number of daughter cells: 2
Genetic composition:
,Type of cells produced: somatic (body) cells
Occurs in: All somatic cells
Crossing over: Does not occur
Homologous chromosomes: DO not pair
Time required: SHort
error lead to: Cancer (uncontrolled mitosis)
Meiosis
Purpose:
Number of cell divisions:
Number of daughter cells:
Genetic composition:
Number of chromosomes produced:
Type of cells produced:
Occurs in:
Crossing over:
Homologous chromosomes:
Time required
, Number of cell divisions:
2 (meiosis I and meiosis II
Number of daughter cells: 4
Genetic composition:
Genetically unique due to crossing over and independent assortment
Number of chromosomes produced:
Recued chromosome number by half (Haploid, N)
Type of cells produced:
Games (sperm and egg cells)
Occurs in: Germ cells in reproductive organs
Crossing over:
Occurs in prophase 1 (homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Homologous chromosomes Pair during prophase 1 Synapsis
Time required: Longer due to two division cycles
Errors lead to: Chromosomal abnormalities like down syndrome
What happens in each phase of Mitosis
1. Prophase - Answer 1. strands of DNA, called chromatin, condense into chromosomes,
- nuclear membrane breaks down,
- Centrosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell and facilitate formation of mitotic spindle
spindle fibers form
