Frontier Community College

Genotype - Answer The exact allele composition a person has for a specific single-gene trait. The composition of genes at a given locus. Phenotype - Answer The outward appearance results of genotype and environment. An observed expression of any given gene trait. Ex: hair or eye color Situations where a person’s genotype and phenotype are the same.... - Answer -A genotypic male XY matches a phenotypic male- with chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes...

Components of neural-muscular control of breathing - Answer Medulla: generates impulses to respiratory muscles Phrenic nerve: innervates diaphragm. Originates from C3, C4, C4 nerve roots in spinal cord Process of gas exchange/diffusion in the lungs - Answer 1. O2 passes through alveoli's thin lining into capillary network 2. CO2 moves out of capillary network 3. CO2 is exhaled as the partial pressure in alveoli is higher than PP of external environment 4. O2 attaches to RBC...

What is Polycythemia? - Answer elevated RBC mass or high Hgb levels (overproduction) What are the types of polycythemias? - Answer Polycythemia Vera (Primary), Secondary, and relative Primary Polycythemia (Vera) - Answer normal RBC mass, low plasma volume; body autonomously (on its own) increases RBC production Pathophysiology of Polycythemia Vera (Primary) - Answer abnormal STEM cell proliferation (JAK2 mutation promotes uncontrolled cell production); autonomous...

Streptococcus Pneumoniae - Answer normally colonized in the pharynx cultured from throat swab if found in the lungs, most common form of infection causes community-acquired pneumonia. can be tricky to ID. continue to search - listen to breath sounds, spo2, cxr, living situation Fungal Cell Membranes - Answer Key elements: eukaryotic cells *membrane lipid ergosterol* which is the *target of antifungal drugs* and is not found in human cells. Azoles (fluconazole) and ally...

Innate resistance - Answer First level of immune defense, including physical barriers (skin, lining of GI and GU tracts, respiratory tract) and biochemical factors (saliva, tears, earwax, sweat, antimicrobial peptides, normal bacterial flora) Inflammatory response - Answer Second line of immune defense, initiated in response to infection, mechanical damage, ischemia, nutrient deficiencies, temperature extremes and radiation Cardinal signs of local inflammation - Answer Pa...

Allostasis - Answer ability to successfully adjust to challenges Homeostasis - Answer stable or remaining the same (optimal steady state) Stress - Answer -transactional or interactional -it is not necessarily the event but how we perceive and react to the event -happens when a demand exceeds a person’s coping abilities Adaptation - Answer modifications made in order to adjust to change Coping - Answer managing stressful demands General Adaptation ...

The liver is responsible for each of the following EXCEPT: A. Can store 500-1000 mL of blood B. Can store glucose as glycogen C. Converts ammonia to urea D. Helps with digestion of lipids - Answer D. Helps with digestion of lipids The liver is responsible for each of the following EXCEPT: A. Making clotting factors B. Storing bile C. Drug metabolism D. Stores glucose - Answer B. Storing bile The liver produces bile, but the gallbladder stores it The liver is res...

Which physiologic effect of aging is associated with slowed wound healing among the older adult population? - Answer reduced collagen synthesis The nurse is caring for a client who has developed facial swelling related to a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication. Which of these substances does the nurse recognize is implicated in causing this type of reaction? - Answer Histamine The rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a cerebrovascular accident...

Definition of Stable Angina - Answer Short episodes of a reversible chest or arm pain that are caused by decreased myocardial oxygenation which may be caused by activity, stress, or any other stimulant that increases the workload of the heart. (EXERTION) The key is that the chest pain of stable angina is relieved by what? How long that the chest pain pattern has not changed? - Answer Stable angina relieved by rest or NTG and the chest pain pattern has not changed in the last 6 wee...

A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the country and 1,000 people contract the disease yearly. The population of the country is 4,500,000. Which of the following statements is correct? a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%. b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the incidence is 10%. c. Neither is correct. d. There is insufficient data - Answer A In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to which...