Chamberlain NR 507 Midterm Exam
2025 – 90 Actual Questions with
Verified Correct Answers (FNP Track)
Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. Correct answers are highlighted in blue.
Rationales are provided in red below each question. This exam covers key FNP knowledge areas
including cellular injury, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular pathophysiology, and genetics,
aligned with 2025 curriculum updates.
Question 1
Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size due to increased functional
demands?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size, often seen in cardiac muscle in response
to hypertension, reflecting adaptive cellular injury mechanisms.
Question 2
In cellular injury, what is the primary mechanism of necrosis in ischemic conditions?
A. Apoptosis
B. Coagulative necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves cell outlines and is typical in hypoxic injuries like
myocardial infarction, a key concept in cellular pathophysiology for FNPs.
Question 3
A patient with type 2 diabetes presents with polyuria. This is due to:
A. Decreased insulin production
B. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
C. Renal tubular damage
D. Adrenal insufficiency
, Rationale: Hyperglycemia exceeds renal threshold, causing osmotic diuresis, a classic endocrine
manifestation in diabetes mellitus.
Question 4
What genetic mutation is associated with cystic fibrosis?
A. Trisomy 21
B. CFTR gene mutation
C. BRCA1 mutation
D. Factor V Leiden
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to defective chloride
transport, impacting genetic counseling in primary care.
Question 5
In cardiovascular disease, what is the primary site of atherosclerotic plaque formation?
A. Veins
B. Arterial intima
C. Cardiac valves
D. Endocardium
Rationale: Atherosclerosis begins in the arterial intima with lipid accumulation, a foundational
concept for FNP management of CVD risk factors.
Question 6
Which type of cellular injury is reversible if the stimulus is removed early?
A. Necrosis
B. Fatty change
C. Apoptosis
D. Gangrene
Rationale: Fatty change in hepatocytes is reversible steatosis, common in alcohol abuse,
emphasizing early intervention in cellular injury.
Question 7
Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by:
A. Iodine deficiency
B. Graves' disease
2025 – 90 Actual Questions with
Verified Correct Answers (FNP Track)
Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. Correct answers are highlighted in blue.
Rationales are provided in red below each question. This exam covers key FNP knowledge areas
including cellular injury, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular pathophysiology, and genetics,
aligned with 2025 curriculum updates.
Question 1
Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size due to increased functional
demands?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size, often seen in cardiac muscle in response
to hypertension, reflecting adaptive cellular injury mechanisms.
Question 2
In cellular injury, what is the primary mechanism of necrosis in ischemic conditions?
A. Apoptosis
B. Coagulative necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves cell outlines and is typical in hypoxic injuries like
myocardial infarction, a key concept in cellular pathophysiology for FNPs.
Question 3
A patient with type 2 diabetes presents with polyuria. This is due to:
A. Decreased insulin production
B. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
C. Renal tubular damage
D. Adrenal insufficiency
, Rationale: Hyperglycemia exceeds renal threshold, causing osmotic diuresis, a classic endocrine
manifestation in diabetes mellitus.
Question 4
What genetic mutation is associated with cystic fibrosis?
A. Trisomy 21
B. CFTR gene mutation
C. BRCA1 mutation
D. Factor V Leiden
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to defective chloride
transport, impacting genetic counseling in primary care.
Question 5
In cardiovascular disease, what is the primary site of atherosclerotic plaque formation?
A. Veins
B. Arterial intima
C. Cardiac valves
D. Endocardium
Rationale: Atherosclerosis begins in the arterial intima with lipid accumulation, a foundational
concept for FNP management of CVD risk factors.
Question 6
Which type of cellular injury is reversible if the stimulus is removed early?
A. Necrosis
B. Fatty change
C. Apoptosis
D. Gangrene
Rationale: Fatty change in hepatocytes is reversible steatosis, common in alcohol abuse,
emphasizing early intervention in cellular injury.
Question 7
Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by:
A. Iodine deficiency
B. Graves' disease
