KINE 433 Exam Midterm Test
Questions Fully Solved.
Acclimation - Answer short-term adaptation to environmental stressor
(days/weeks)
Acclimatization - Answer long-term adaptation to environmental stressor
(months/years)
Conversions for temp - Answer - ºC = (ºF - 32) / 1.8
- ºF = (ºC x 1.8) + 32
Conduction (K) - Answer the movement of heat from one solid to another one that has
different temperature when they are touching each other. For example, we can warm our hands
by touching hot-water bottles.
Convection (C) - Answer the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and
therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of
gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
Radiation (R) - Answer the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving
subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
Skin Arteriole Effectors in Heat - Answer - SNS vasodilation (VD) enhances heat
loss
Eccrine Sweat Gland Effectors in Heat - Answer - SNS stimulation of sweating à E heat
loss
- Acetylcholine: sympathetic cholinergic
stimulation
- More responsive to changes in core
temperature than skin temperature
, Effects on Cardiovascular function - Answer - Skin arterioles VD to á C heat loss,
requires á blood flow compared to
exercise in the cold
- POAH triggers SNS: cardiac output á
further via HR/contractility, á VC to
nonessential tissues
- Blood volume â (sweat), SV can't á
(blood pooling), so HR á further to
compensate (cardiovascular drift)
Sweat Rate - Answer increases with
increasing workload
Rectal Temperature - Answer increases with increasing
workload
Heat Cramp warning signs - Answer Fatigue, Excessive Thirst, Profuse Sweating, Painful Large
Muscle Cramps
Heat Exhaustion - Answer Nausea, Chills Goosebumps, Headache
Heatstroke - Answer Cessation of sweating, Confusion, Loss of consciousness
Heat Stress - Answer WBGT measures air temperature and accounts for heat
exchange via conduction, convection, evaporation, and
radiation
• Heat cramps are caused by loss of fluids and sodium
due to excessive sweating
• Heat exhaustion results from the cardiovascular
system's failure to meet the needs of the active muscles
and skin due to dehydration and low blood volume
Questions Fully Solved.
Acclimation - Answer short-term adaptation to environmental stressor
(days/weeks)
Acclimatization - Answer long-term adaptation to environmental stressor
(months/years)
Conversions for temp - Answer - ºC = (ºF - 32) / 1.8
- ºF = (ºC x 1.8) + 32
Conduction (K) - Answer the movement of heat from one solid to another one that has
different temperature when they are touching each other. For example, we can warm our hands
by touching hot-water bottles.
Convection (C) - Answer the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and
therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of
gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
Radiation (R) - Answer the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving
subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
Skin Arteriole Effectors in Heat - Answer - SNS vasodilation (VD) enhances heat
loss
Eccrine Sweat Gland Effectors in Heat - Answer - SNS stimulation of sweating à E heat
loss
- Acetylcholine: sympathetic cholinergic
stimulation
- More responsive to changes in core
temperature than skin temperature
, Effects on Cardiovascular function - Answer - Skin arterioles VD to á C heat loss,
requires á blood flow compared to
exercise in the cold
- POAH triggers SNS: cardiac output á
further via HR/contractility, á VC to
nonessential tissues
- Blood volume â (sweat), SV can't á
(blood pooling), so HR á further to
compensate (cardiovascular drift)
Sweat Rate - Answer increases with
increasing workload
Rectal Temperature - Answer increases with increasing
workload
Heat Cramp warning signs - Answer Fatigue, Excessive Thirst, Profuse Sweating, Painful Large
Muscle Cramps
Heat Exhaustion - Answer Nausea, Chills Goosebumps, Headache
Heatstroke - Answer Cessation of sweating, Confusion, Loss of consciousness
Heat Stress - Answer WBGT measures air temperature and accounts for heat
exchange via conduction, convection, evaporation, and
radiation
• Heat cramps are caused by loss of fluids and sodium
due to excessive sweating
• Heat exhaustion results from the cardiovascular
system's failure to meet the needs of the active muscles
and skin due to dehydration and low blood volume
