PAS 407 FINAL EXAM CONCEPTS ALL VERSIONS 2025 | LATEST AND ACCURATE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS | VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE

A 34 year old man is on a ladder cleaning out his eaves trough. As he comes down, he catches his pant leg and falls, LANDING ON HIS RIGHT SHOULDER. The man notes immediate tenderness and swelling, which he tries to alleviate with ibuprofen and ice. After 3 days, he notes that the swelling has subsided but the PAIN REMAINS AND IS INTERFERING WITH HIS SLEEP. At the prompting of his wife, he goes to the hospital to have his shoulder looked at. Case Study: A 48 year-old-female appears at a walk-in clinic due to abnormal changes in her left breast. Over the past several weeks she has observed a tightening in the breast tissue, accompanied with progressing nipple inversion. The physician asks her to raise her arms above her head. As she does this, the right breast elevates, but the left does not. The woman explains that she hasn't noticed any lumps on physical examination and no pain in the breast tissue. She figures she is suffering from a pulled muscle, but wants to be sure. The physician refers the patient for further assessment and she is ultimately diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer. -Based on the initial assessment, what conclusions can be made about the breast cancer? A.It has infiltrated the suspensory ligaments B.It has infiltrated the retromammillaryspace C.It has infiltrated the lymphatic system D.Both A and B E.All of the above - ANSWER D.Both A and B A 48 year-old-female appears at a walk-in clinic due to abnormal changes in her left breast. Over the past several weeks she has observed a TIGHTENING INTHE BREAST TISSUE, accompanied with PROGRESSING NIPPLE INVERSION. The physician asks her to raise her arms above her head. As she does this, the right breast elevates, but the LEFT DOESN'T. The woman explains that she HASN'T NOTICED ANY LUMPS ON PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND NO PAIN IN THE BREAST TISSUE. She figures she is suffering from a pulled muscle, but wants to be sure. The physician refers the patient for further assessment and she is ultimately diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer. Case Study: A 24 year old grad student consults with a PA at an outpatient clinic. As a part-time bartender, he's noticed that he's become clumsy when pouring drinks from a pitcher. When the pitcher's almost empty, his arm flops down, spilling beer all over the table. The PA does a quick assessment, and finds bilateral weakness in resisting elbow extension. Despite a wild lifestyle, the grad student is otherwise very healthy. He has a muscular build and plays for the university rugby team, most commonly in the hooker position. The PA cautions him to discontinue playing and refers him to a neurologist. -What is you diagnosis? A.Bilateral impingement of the radial nerves B.Bilateral spinal stenosis of the spinal cord at the level of C5 C.Bilateral spinal stenosis of the spinal cord at the level of C7 D.Bilateral spinal stenosis of the spinal cord at the level of T1 E.Erb-Duschenne's palsy F.Klumpke's palsy - ANSWER C.Bilateral spinal stenosis of the spinal cord at the level of C7 Case Study: A junior hockey defenseman chases a puck into the corner of his defense zone, reaching out one handed with his stick. During the play, the blade of the stick catches between 2 of the boards, and the player impales himself on the blunt end. In addition to suffering a severe contusion to his left lateral thorax, the player experiences some difficulty handling his stick. During a consult with the team physician, he asks the player to place his hands on a wall. He notices the scapula protrude posteriorly. -What nerve was damaged with this injury? A.Lateral pectoral B.Long thoracic C.Medial pectoral D.Median E.Suprascapular F.Thoracodorsal G.Ulnar - ANSWER B.Long thoracic Case study: A 42 year old male falls from a height during an athletic competition, landing on his head while in a neutral position. He receives prompt medical treatment and is immediately transported to the hospital. X-rays show that the patient suffered a Jefferson fracture in conjunction with a type II odontoid fracture. Internal fixation surgery was performed, attaching the posterior arch of the axis to the base of the skull. Irreversible neural damage is present. -What is the clinical prognosis? A.Paraplegia with no use of intrinsic hand muscles B.Paraplegia with some shoulder abduction C.Quadriplegia with normal respiration D.Quadriplegia, on ventilator, able to weakly shoulder shrug E.Quadriplegia, on ventilator, no movement below head - ANSWER D.Quadriplegia, on ventilator, able to weakly shoulder shrug Case study: A 42 year old male falls from a height during an athletic competition, landing on his head while in a neutral position. He receives prompt medical treatment and is immediately transported to the hospital. X-rays show that the patient suffered a Jefferson fracture in conjunction with a type II odontoid fracture. Internal fixation surgery was performed, attaching the posterior arch of the axis to the base of the skull. Irreversible neural damage is present. -What is your prognosis for quality of life? A.Very poor; issues with depression, financial burden, comorbidity B.Should experience relatively few complications C.Difficult to predict; dependent on patient attitude, family/community support - ANSWER C.Difficult to predict; dependent on patient attitude, family/community support Inability to initiate abduction of the arm could result from severing the... A.thoracodorsal nerve B.long thoracic nerve C.suprascapular nerve D.lower subscapular nerve E.upper subscapular nerve - ANSWER C.suprascapular nerve Inability to initiate abduction of the arm could result from severing the... •Think... •What initiates abduction? •Supraspinatus •What nerve from the list innervates the supraspinatus muscle? •Suprascapular nerve •Does anything else abduct the arm? •Deltoid, but... •Does not initiate abduction •Innervated by axillary nerve, not on differential list Identify the injury... A.Clavicular fracture B.Separated shoulder (type I) C.Separated shoulder (type II) D.Separated shoulder (type III) E.Shoulder dislocation F.SLAP tear G.Torn rotator cuff - ANSWER A.Clavicular fracture What is your diagnosis? A.Clavicular fracture B.Separated shoulder (type I) C.Separated shoulder (type II) D.Separated shoulder (type III) E.Shoulder dislocation F.SLAP tear G.Torn rotator cuff - ANSWER E.Shoulder dislocation Case Study: A 42 year old drywall worker consults his family physician about recent pain and burning in his right shoulder that is affecting his ability to work. Physical examination reveals tenderness during palpation of the lateral surface of the shoulder region. When asked to raise his arms overhead, the physician observes the patient shrugging his right shoulder and leaning to his right to assist with this movement. Range of motion past the first 200 of abduction is normal, but painful past 900. The patient is referred for an MRI... -What is your diagnosis? A.Glenoid labrum (SLAP) tear B.Osteoarthritis C.Rotator cuff tear D.Shoulder separation (type I) E.Shoulder dislocation F.Shoulder subluxation - ANSWER C.Rotator cuff tear