Lisarhodes411

A nurse notices that a patient’s intravenous infusion is running more slowly than prescribed. The nurse checks the flow regulator, examines the tubing for kinks, verifies that the patient is not lying on the tubing, inspects the connections, and assesses the insertion site. After repositioning the tubing, the infusion resumes at the prescribed rate. Which cognitive process is the nurse primarily using? A. Diagnostic reasoning B. Problem-solving C. Ethical deliberation D. Clinical infer...

A patient’s left ventricle contains 120 mL of blood immediately before contraction and 50 mL immediately after contraction. Which value represents the patient’s stroke volume? A. 50 mL B. 70 mL C. 120 mL D. 170 mL Correct Answer: B. 70 mL Rationale: Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle during each heartbeat. It is calculated by subtracting end-systolic volume from end-diastolic volume: 120 mL − 50 mL = 70 mL The 50 mL represents the blood rem...

A nursing student is reviewing the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Which statement best defines pharmacodynamics? A. It describes how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes a drug. B. It explains how a medication acts on the body to produce therapeutic and adverse effects. C. It determines how the formulation of a medication influences its dissolution. D. It describes how quickly a medication is eliminated by the kidneys. Correct Answer: B. I...

A patient recovering from a lower-extremity injury asks which type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for moving the bones of the skeleton. Which response by the nurse is most accurate? A. Smooth, involuntary muscle B. Cardiac, involuntary muscle C. Striated, voluntary muscle D. Non-striated, voluntary muscle Correct Answer: C. Striated, voluntary muscle Rationale: Skeletal muscles are striated because their contractile proteins form visible bands, and they are generally und...

A client with a large pleural effusion is scheduled for thoracentesis. Which position should the nurse use to facilitate the safest and most effective access to the pleural space? A. Supine with the head of the bed slightly elevated B. Prone with both arms extended above the head C. Sitting upright and leaning forward over a bedside table D. Side-lying on the unaffected side with the knees flexed Correct Answer: C. Sitting upright and leaning forward over a bedside table Rationale: ...

During a comprehensive assessment of an 80-year-old patient, which finding should the nurse investigate most urgently? A. Decreased appetite during meals B. Difficulty chewing solid foods C. Unintentional loss of 6 kg over 3 months D. Occasional indigestion after eating fatty foods Correct Answer: C. Unintentional loss of 6 kg over 3 months Rationale: Unintentional weight loss is not considered a normal part of aging and may indicate a serious condition such as malignancy, depression, ...

A client with diabetes insipidus has a urine output of 500 mL/hour, severe thirst, dry mucous membranes, and tachycardia. Which laboratory finding requires the nurse to intervene most urgently? A. Serum sodium of 185 mEq/L B. Urine specific gravity of 1.002 C. Serum glucose of 118 mg/dL D. Hematocrit of 48% Correct Answer: A. Serum sodium of 185 mEq/L Rationale: A serum sodium level of 185 mEq/L indicates severe, potentially life-threatening hypernatremia resulting from significant...

A nurse is asked to witness a patient’s signature on an informed-consent form before surgery. Which patient is currently unable to provide legally valid informed consent? A. A married 16-year-old scheduled for an appendectomy B. A 35-year-old with depression who understands the procedure C. A 50-year-old who communicates through a qualified interpreter D. A 65-year-old who recently received an opioid analgesic Correct Answer: D. A 65-year-old who recently received an opioid analgesic...

A university nursing program is evaluating whether its policies reflect the complete Chamberlain Care® framework. Which group of stakeholders must be represented for the framework to be considered complete? A. Faculty, students, patients, administrators, and regulators B. Faculty, students, partners, patients, and the community C. Students, families, insurers, patients, and government agencies D. Faculty, graduates, employers, patients, and professional associations Correct Answer: B....

A patient asks how a bacteriostatic antibiotic differs from a bactericidal antibiotic. Which response by the nurse is most accurate? A. Bacteriostatic drugs directly destroy bacterial cell walls. B. Bacteriostatic drugs slow bacterial growth, allowing host defenses to eliminate the organisms. C. Bacteriostatic drugs permanently prevent all microorganisms from reproducing. D. Bacteriostatic drugs are effective only against gram-positive organisms. Correct Answer: B. Bacteriostatic drugs...

A client with diabetes reports noticing a distinct smell immediately before experiencing a seizure. Which action should the nurse recommend to reduce the risk of injury? A. Ignore the sensation because it is unrelated to seizures B. Use the sensation as a warning and move to a safe location C. Begin vigorous exercise immediately D. Restrict fluid intake until the sensation disappears Correct Answer: B. Use the sensation as a warning and move to a safe location Rationale: A sensory ...

A nurse is teaching a client with a seizure disorder about behaviors that may increase the risk of seizures or seizure-related injuries. Which behaviors should the nurse identify as increasing risk? Select all that apply. A. Poorly managing diabetes and prescribed insulin B. Ignoring a familiar aura and continuing a hazardous activity C. Taking antiseizure medication at the same time each day D. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule Correct Answer: A. Poorly managing diabetes and pre...

A client with diabetes reports occasionally experiencing a distinctive smell immediately before a seizure. Which action would most effectively reduce the client’s risk of seizure-related injury? A. Ignore the sensation because it is unrelated to seizure activity B. Treat the sensation as a warning and move to a safe position C. Immediately begin vigorous physical activity D. Restrict fluid intake until the sensation resolves Correct Answer: B. Treat the sensation as a warning and mov...

A nurse is developing a home-management plan for a 12-year-old boy with primary nocturnal enuresis. Which interventions should the nurse recommend to the child and his parents? Select all that apply. A. Limit fluid intake after the evening meal. B. Encourage the child to void immediately before bedtime. C. Eliminate caffeinated beverages, particularly in the evening. D. Encourage the child to visualize waking up with a dry bed. E. Require the child to wash all soiled linens as punishme...

During a skin assessment, the nurse observes clusters of small, raised lesions in corresponding locations on the patient’s left and right upper back. Which term best describes the distribution of these lesions? A. Confluent B. Symmetric C. Linear D. Unilateral Correct Answer: B. Symmetric Rationale: Symmetric lesions appear in similar locations on opposite sides of the body. Confluent lesions merge together, linear lesions follow a line or narrow pattern, and unilateral lesions occur...

A nurse is evaluating whether a patient understands instructions for daily subcutaneous insulin administration. Which statement demonstrates correct knowledge of injectionsite care? A. “I will use the same abdominal site because it provides consistent absorption.” B. “I will rotate injection sites within the recommended anatomical areas.” C. “I will massage the injection site vigorously after each injection.” D. “I will inject into areas that feel firm because they are easi...

A university nursing program is reviewing its policies to determine whether they reflect the complete Chamberlain Care® framework. Which group of stakeholders must be represented for the framework to be considered complete? A. Faculty, students, patients, administrators, and regulators B. Faculty, students, partners, patients, and the community C. Students, families, insurers, patients, and government agencies D. Faculty, graduates, employers, patients, and professional associations Cor...

During an admission assessment, a patient reports experiencing burning chest discomfort after meals for the past three weeks. How should the nurse classify this information? A. Objective physical finding B. Subjective assessment data C. Confirmed diagnostic evidence D. Abnormal inspection finding Correct Answer: B. Subjective assessment data Rationale: The patient’s description of chest discomfort is subjective because it is reported by the patient and cannot be directly observed or ...

A university health educator conducts evidence-based workshops designed to help students gain knowledge, develop positive attitudes, and practise skills for maintaining healthy sleep habits. Which concept is best illustrated? A. Health promotion B. Health education C. Public health surveillance D. Disease control Correct Answer: B. Health education Rationale: Health education consists of planned learning experiences that provide individuals with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills nee...

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication but cannot clearly read the prescriber’s handwritten order. The prescriber is known to be busy and may become irritated when contacted. What should the nurse do? A. Ask another nurse to interpret the order B. Administer the most likely medication and document the uncertainty C. Contact the prescriber and request clarification D. Delay the medication until the next scheduled dose Correct Answer: C. Contact the prescriber and request clar...