NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam/
NR 507 Midterm Chamberlain Updated
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - answers-tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - answers-These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - answers-the parasympathetic system is stimulated by
the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - answers-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - answers-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Asthma - answers-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - answers-coughing
,wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - answers--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - answers-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the
alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - answers-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - answers-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - answers-embedded with connective tissue cells and immune
cells
purpose of the lamina propria - answers-white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
, How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - answers-the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answers-columnar epithelial ells and
mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answers-smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - answers-control the airways ability to
constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - answers-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - answers-the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - answers--expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention
of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
Perfusion - answers-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of
the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - answers-cyanosis
right to left shunting
NR 507 Midterm Chamberlain Updated
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - answers-tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - answers-These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - answers-the parasympathetic system is stimulated by
the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - answers-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - answers-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Asthma - answers-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - answers-coughing
,wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - answers--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - answers-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the
alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - answers-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - answers-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - answers-embedded with connective tissue cells and immune
cells
purpose of the lamina propria - answers-white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
, How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - answers-the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answers-columnar epithelial ells and
mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answers-smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - answers-control the airways ability to
constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - answers-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - answers-the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - answers--expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention
of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
Perfusion - answers-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of
the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - answers-cyanosis
right to left shunting
