NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Questions & Answers 2025
Asthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
chronicadiseaseadueatoabronchoconstrictionaandaanaexcessiveainflammatoryaresponseainat
heabronchioles
Whataarea5as/saofaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-coughinga
Wheezinga
Shortnessaofabreatha
Rapidabreathinga
Chestatightness
Pathophysiologyaofaasthmaa(5)A-acorrectaanswers--airwayainflammation,abronchialahyper-
reactivityaandasmoothamuscleaspasm
-excessamucusaproductionaandaaccumulationa
-hypertrophyaofabronchialasmoothamusclea
-airflowaobstructiona
-decreasedaalveolaraventilation
Bronchiolesa-acorrectaanswers-
smallerapassagewaysathataoriginateafromatheabronchiathatabecomeatheaalveoli
3alayersaofatheabronchiolesa-acorrectaanswers-innermostalayera
Middlealayera-alaminaapropriaa
Outermostalayer
Laminaapropriaa-acorrectaanswers-theamiddlealayeraofatheabronchioles
Structureaofathealaminaapropriaa-acorrectaanswers-
embeddedawithaconnectiveatissueacellsaandaimmuneacells
Purposeaofathealaminaapropriaa-acorrectaanswers-
whiteabloodacellsaareapresentatoahelpaprotectatheaairways
Howadoesathealaminaapropriaaeffectathealungsainaregardsatoaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
theawbcsaprotectiveafeatureagoesaintoaoverdriveacausingaanainflammatoryaresponseathatada
magesahostatissue
Whatadoesatheainnermostalayeraofatheabronchiolesacontaina-acorrectaanswers-
columnaraepithelialaellsaandamucusaproducingagobletacells
Whatadoesatheaoutermostalayeraofatheabronchiolesacontaina-acorrectaanswers-
smoothamuscleacells
Whatadoesatheaoutermostalayeraofatheabronchiolesadoa-acorrectaanswers-
controlatheaairwaysaabilityatoaconstrictaandadilate
Alveolarahyperinflationa-acorrectaanswers-
whenaairaisaunableatoamoveaoutaofatheaalveolaralikeaitashouldadueatoabronchialawallsacollapsi
ngaaroundapossibleamucusaplugathusatrappingaairainside
Howadoesahyperinflationaoccur?A-acorrectaanswers-
theaongoingainflammatoryaprocessaofaasthmaaproducesamucusaandapusaplugathatatheabron
chialawallsacollapseaaround
, Effectaofahyperinflationaofatheaalveolara-acorrectaanswers--
expandedathoraxaandahypercapniaa(retentionaofaco2)A
-arespiratoryaacidosis
Whataareatwoaanticholinergicadrugsausedaforaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
tiotropiumaandaipratropium
Whatadoaanticholinergicsadoainathealungs?A-acorrectaanswers-
theseadrugsablockatheaeffectsaofatheaparasympatheticanervousasystema
-aincreasingabronchodilation
Moaaofaanticholinergicadrugsaforaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
theaparasympatheticasystemaisastimulatedabyatheavagalanerveatoareleaseaacetylcholineawhi
chabindsatoatheacholinergicareceptorsaofathearespiratoryatractatoacauseabronchialaconstrictio
na=adecreasedaairflowa
-
ablockingatheacholinergicareceptorsapreventsaacetylcholineabindingapreventingatheabronchi
alaconstriction
Bronchitisa-acorrectaanswers-inflammationaofatheabronchialatubes
3acharacteristicsaofabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers-bronchialainflammation
Hypersecretionaofamucusa
Chronicaproductiveacoughaforaataleasta3aconsecutiveamonthsaforaataleasta2asuccessiveayear
s
Perfusiona-acorrectaanswers-
theasupplyaofaoxygenatoaandaremovalaofawastesafromatheacellsaandatissuesaofatheabodyaasaaa
resultaofatheaflowaofabloodathroughatheacapillaries.
Resultsaofachronicabronchitis/alowaperfusiona-acorrectaanswers-cyanosisa
Rightatoaleftashuntinga
Chronicahypoxemia
Whyaisathereacyanosisawithachronicabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers-
thereaisahypoxiaadueatoaunfavorableaconditionsaforagasaexchange
Rightatoaleftashuntinga-acorrectaanswers-
whenabloodapassesafromathearightaventricleathroughathealungsaandatoathealeftaventricleawitho
utaperfusion
Causesaofabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers--longatermaexposureatoaenvironmentalairritantsa
-repeatedaepisodesaofaacuteainfectiona(rsvainfectionainaearlyainfancy)
-factorsaaffectingagestationalachildhoodalungadevelopmenta(pretermabirth)
Pathogenesisaofabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers--exposureatoaairborneairritantsa
-airritantaactivatesabronchialasmoothamuscleaconstrictionaandamucusasecretiona
-
atriggersareleaseaofainflammatoryamediatorsafromaimmuneacellsalocatedainathealaminaapropr
ia
Mostacommonairritantawithabronchitisais?A-acorrectaanswers-tobaccoaproductasmoke
Whatadoesalongatermaexposureatoairritantsapromoteainabronchitis?A(5)A-acorrectaanswers--
asmoothamuscleahypertrophya
-ahypertrophyaandahyperplasiaaofagobletacellsa
-aepithelialacellametaplasiaa
-amigrationaofamoreawbcatoasitea
Questions & Answers 2025
Asthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
chronicadiseaseadueatoabronchoconstrictionaandaanaexcessiveainflammatoryaresponseainat
heabronchioles
Whataarea5as/saofaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-coughinga
Wheezinga
Shortnessaofabreatha
Rapidabreathinga
Chestatightness
Pathophysiologyaofaasthmaa(5)A-acorrectaanswers--airwayainflammation,abronchialahyper-
reactivityaandasmoothamuscleaspasm
-excessamucusaproductionaandaaccumulationa
-hypertrophyaofabronchialasmoothamusclea
-airflowaobstructiona
-decreasedaalveolaraventilation
Bronchiolesa-acorrectaanswers-
smallerapassagewaysathataoriginateafromatheabronchiathatabecomeatheaalveoli
3alayersaofatheabronchiolesa-acorrectaanswers-innermostalayera
Middlealayera-alaminaapropriaa
Outermostalayer
Laminaapropriaa-acorrectaanswers-theamiddlealayeraofatheabronchioles
Structureaofathealaminaapropriaa-acorrectaanswers-
embeddedawithaconnectiveatissueacellsaandaimmuneacells
Purposeaofathealaminaapropriaa-acorrectaanswers-
whiteabloodacellsaareapresentatoahelpaprotectatheaairways
Howadoesathealaminaapropriaaeffectathealungsainaregardsatoaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
theawbcsaprotectiveafeatureagoesaintoaoverdriveacausingaanainflammatoryaresponseathatada
magesahostatissue
Whatadoesatheainnermostalayeraofatheabronchiolesacontaina-acorrectaanswers-
columnaraepithelialaellsaandamucusaproducingagobletacells
Whatadoesatheaoutermostalayeraofatheabronchiolesacontaina-acorrectaanswers-
smoothamuscleacells
Whatadoesatheaoutermostalayeraofatheabronchiolesadoa-acorrectaanswers-
controlatheaairwaysaabilityatoaconstrictaandadilate
Alveolarahyperinflationa-acorrectaanswers-
whenaairaisaunableatoamoveaoutaofatheaalveolaralikeaitashouldadueatoabronchialawallsacollapsi
ngaaroundapossibleamucusaplugathusatrappingaairainside
Howadoesahyperinflationaoccur?A-acorrectaanswers-
theaongoingainflammatoryaprocessaofaasthmaaproducesamucusaandapusaplugathatatheabron
chialawallsacollapseaaround
, Effectaofahyperinflationaofatheaalveolara-acorrectaanswers--
expandedathoraxaandahypercapniaa(retentionaofaco2)A
-arespiratoryaacidosis
Whataareatwoaanticholinergicadrugsausedaforaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
tiotropiumaandaipratropium
Whatadoaanticholinergicsadoainathealungs?A-acorrectaanswers-
theseadrugsablockatheaeffectsaofatheaparasympatheticanervousasystema
-aincreasingabronchodilation
Moaaofaanticholinergicadrugsaforaasthmaa-acorrectaanswers-
theaparasympatheticasystemaisastimulatedabyatheavagalanerveatoareleaseaacetylcholineawhi
chabindsatoatheacholinergicareceptorsaofathearespiratoryatractatoacauseabronchialaconstrictio
na=adecreasedaairflowa
-
ablockingatheacholinergicareceptorsapreventsaacetylcholineabindingapreventingatheabronchi
alaconstriction
Bronchitisa-acorrectaanswers-inflammationaofatheabronchialatubes
3acharacteristicsaofabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers-bronchialainflammation
Hypersecretionaofamucusa
Chronicaproductiveacoughaforaataleasta3aconsecutiveamonthsaforaataleasta2asuccessiveayear
s
Perfusiona-acorrectaanswers-
theasupplyaofaoxygenatoaandaremovalaofawastesafromatheacellsaandatissuesaofatheabodyaasaaa
resultaofatheaflowaofabloodathroughatheacapillaries.
Resultsaofachronicabronchitis/alowaperfusiona-acorrectaanswers-cyanosisa
Rightatoaleftashuntinga
Chronicahypoxemia
Whyaisathereacyanosisawithachronicabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers-
thereaisahypoxiaadueatoaunfavorableaconditionsaforagasaexchange
Rightatoaleftashuntinga-acorrectaanswers-
whenabloodapassesafromathearightaventricleathroughathealungsaandatoathealeftaventricleawitho
utaperfusion
Causesaofabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers--longatermaexposureatoaenvironmentalairritantsa
-repeatedaepisodesaofaacuteainfectiona(rsvainfectionainaearlyainfancy)
-factorsaaffectingagestationalachildhoodalungadevelopmenta(pretermabirth)
Pathogenesisaofabronchitisa-acorrectaanswers--exposureatoaairborneairritantsa
-airritantaactivatesabronchialasmoothamuscleaconstrictionaandamucusasecretiona
-
atriggersareleaseaofainflammatoryamediatorsafromaimmuneacellsalocatedainathealaminaapropr
ia
Mostacommonairritantawithabronchitisais?A-acorrectaanswers-tobaccoaproductasmoke
Whatadoesalongatermaexposureatoairritantsapromoteainabronchitis?A(5)A-acorrectaanswers--
asmoothamuscleahypertrophya
-ahypertrophyaandahyperplasiaaofagobletacellsa
-aepithelialacellametaplasiaa
-amigrationaofamoreawbcatoasitea
