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Chemistry class 12th Transition_Elements_Table

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Transition elements are metals found in groups 3–12 of the periodic table. They exhibit unique properties such as variable oxidation states, formation of colored compounds, and the ability to act as catalysts. These elements, including iron, copper, and gold, have high melting points, density, and electrical conductivity. They form complex ions and participate in redox reactions. Their d-orbitals allow them to bond with ligands, leading to diverse chemical behavior. Transition metals are widely used in industry, medicine, and technology, playing essential roles in alloys, batteries, and biological processes like oxygen transport in hemoglobin (iron).

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Electronic Configurations and Some Properties of the First Series of Transition Elemen


Element Symbol Atomic No. Electronic Configuration Oxidation States
Atomic Radius
1st Ionization
(pm) Energy (kJ
Scandium Sc 21 [Ar] 3d1 4s2 +3 162 631
Titanium Ti 22 [Ar] 3d2 4s2 +2, +3, +4 147 658
Vanadium V 23 [Ar] 3d3 4s2 +2, +3, +4, +5 134 650
Chromium Cr 24 [Ar] 3d5 4s1 +2, +3, +6 128 652
Manganese Mn 25 [Ar] 3d5 4s2 +2, +3, +4, +6, +7 127 717
Iron Fe 26 [Ar] 3d6 4s2 +2, +3, +4, +6 126 762
Cobalt Co 27 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 +2, +3, +4 125 758
Nickel Ni 28 [Ar] 3d8 4s2 +2, +3 124 737
Copper Cu 29 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 +1, +2 128 745
Zinc Zn 30 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 +2 139 906
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Ramashish Paul NCERT Examplar Chemistry Class 12th
Publisher: 2019 ISBN: 9789351764649 Edition: Unknown

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