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Chemistry class 12th Lattice_Structures_Transition_Metals

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Transition metals exhibit strong metallic bonding due to delocalized d-electrons, leading to dense and stable lattice structures. Most transition metals adopt body-centered cubic (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC), or hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures. BCC metals (e.g., vanadium, tungsten) are harder but less dense, while FCC metals (e.g., copper, gold) are more ductile and malleable. HCP metals (e.g., titanium, zinc) offer high strength but limited plasticity. Lattice structures influence mechanical properties such as hardness, conductivity, and melting points. Factors like electron configuration, atomic size, and packing efficiency determine the preferred structure, impacting industrial applications of transition metals.

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Ramashish Paul NCERT Examplar Chemistry Class 12th
  • 2019
  • 9789351764649
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Uploaded on
March 19, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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  • chemistry class 12th
  • latticestructurestransitionmetals

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Lattice Structures of Transition Metals


Group Element Crystal Structure

3 Scandium (Sc) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Yttrium (Y) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Lanthanum (La) Double Hexagonal Close-Packed (DHCP)

Actinium (Ac) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

4 Titanium (Ti) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Zirconium (Zr) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Hafnium (Hf) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

5 Vanadium (V) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

Niobium (Nb) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

Tantalum (Ta) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

6 Chromium (Cr) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

Molybdenum (Mo) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

Tungsten (W) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

7 Manganese (Mn) Complex Cubic

Technetium (Tc) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Rhenium (Re) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

8 Iron (Fe) BCC (alpha-Fe) & FCC (gamma-Fe)

Ruthenium (Ru) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Osmium (Os) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

9 Cobalt (Co) HCP & FCC

Rhodium (Rh) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

Iridium (Ir) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

10 Nickel (Ni) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

Palladium (Pd) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

Platinum (Pt) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

11 Copper (Cu) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

Silver (Ag) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

Gold (Au) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

12 Zinc (Zn) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Cadmium (Cd) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
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