Final Review for NC Biology EOC
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - process of converting light energy to chemical
energy (glucose) and is only performed by autotrophs
Radiant Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - the energy input required for almost all living
organisms and which is converted to chemical energy to be used for life processes.
Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms;
must come from other pre-existing ones
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - cells that do not have membrane bound organelles;
ex. bacteria
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms with cells that have membrane bound
organelles; ex. plants, animals, fungi, protists
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - contain cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that controls cell activity and contains the
DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - where proteins are made
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular respiration takes place and energy
is produced
,Chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER - structure found in plant & fungi cells and functions as
support & protection for the cell
Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell
and assists with movement of water in/out of protists
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - surrounds the cell and maintains homeostasis
by controlling what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - CORRECT ANSWER - the double layer of lipids and proteins that
make up the plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER - all things freely move from higher
concentrations to lower concentrations
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - a form of passive transport where particles move with
the concentration gradient & does not require energy
Passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - particles moving across a membrane without
the use of energy
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms or individual cells maintaining balance
in order to survive
, Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - the steps in which chromosomes separate and divide in
the cell cycle
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2
separate cells are created
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Specialized Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - have specific function and structure; blood cell,
nerve cell, muscle cell
Organic Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER - contain carbon and make up all living
things
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - made of amino acids and are used to build tissue, repair
cells, & control metabolism
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - made of monosaccharides and are used to provide
energy for organisms
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation
and energy storage
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins that increase the rate of a reaction (catalysts)
by lowering the energy of activation
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - molecules that are specific to a particular substrate and
whose active site will only allow that substrate to attach
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - process of converting light energy to chemical
energy (glucose) and is only performed by autotrophs
Radiant Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - the energy input required for almost all living
organisms and which is converted to chemical energy to be used for life processes.
Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms;
must come from other pre-existing ones
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - cells that do not have membrane bound organelles;
ex. bacteria
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms with cells that have membrane bound
organelles; ex. plants, animals, fungi, protists
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - contain cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that controls cell activity and contains the
DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - where proteins are made
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular respiration takes place and energy
is produced
,Chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER - structure found in plant & fungi cells and functions as
support & protection for the cell
Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell
and assists with movement of water in/out of protists
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - surrounds the cell and maintains homeostasis
by controlling what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - CORRECT ANSWER - the double layer of lipids and proteins that
make up the plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER - all things freely move from higher
concentrations to lower concentrations
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - a form of passive transport where particles move with
the concentration gradient & does not require energy
Passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - particles moving across a membrane without
the use of energy
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms or individual cells maintaining balance
in order to survive
, Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - the steps in which chromosomes separate and divide in
the cell cycle
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2
separate cells are created
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Specialized Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - have specific function and structure; blood cell,
nerve cell, muscle cell
Organic Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER - contain carbon and make up all living
things
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - made of amino acids and are used to build tissue, repair
cells, & control metabolism
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - made of monosaccharides and are used to provide
energy for organisms
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation
and energy storage
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins that increase the rate of a reaction (catalysts)
by lowering the energy of activation
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - molecules that are specific to a particular substrate and
whose active site will only allow that substrate to attach
