Biology EOC Exam Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

Biology EOC Exam Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of energy needed to start a reaction



Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - monomers, or building blocks, of a protein



Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - main source of energy for the cell



Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and
speed up the reaction


Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a substrate



Lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - used for long term energy storage, make up the
phospholipid bilayer


Monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER - simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose and
sucrose)


Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Made of nucleotides, function is to store genetic
information which can be seen in DNA and RNA


Organic Molecule - CORRECT ANSWER - bounded molecules made of carbon; Includes
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins


Protein - CORRECT ANSWER - (amino acids) referred to as the building blocks

,Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - All living things are made of cells; Cells come from
other cells; Cells are the basic structure and function of an organism


Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER - How cells (stem cells) get their jobs



Eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Cells that have a nucleus, large, complex (Ex. Plants
and Animals)


Multicellular Organisms - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms composed of many cells
(Ex. tissue, humans, etc.)


Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - Small structures that perform various functions for
the cell (reside within the cytoplasm)


Prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (Ex. Bacteria)



Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Undifferentiated cells



Unicellular Organism - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex.
Bacteria)


Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - No energy required; transport of small and
medium materials across the plasma membrane (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)


Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - No energy required; transports molecules from high to
low concentrations in order to even them out (for small materials)


Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - No energy required; transports WATER from high to
low concentrations in order to even them out

, Facilitated Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - uses transport proteins to help move
material across the plasma membrane, but still doesn't require energy


Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - Internal condition is balanced



Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules.
Gets molecules across the cell through pumps and vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)


Pumps - CORRECT ANSWER - Molecules are "pumped" by a transport protein to get
across the membrane, requiring energy


Vesicles - CORRECT ANSWER - Used when molecules are too large to pass through the
membrane, even with the help of a transport protein


Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Large molecules going INTO the cell



Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Large molecules going OUT of the cell



Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER - Drives diffusion; moves from left to
right


Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - Only in eukaryotic cells, holds DNA



Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - Makes ATP, (Power house of the cell); Where
Cellular Respiration occurs


Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER - Makes glucose for the plant; Where Photosynthesis
occurs