BIO 302 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1.All of the following radiological imaging techniques deliver ionizing radiation energy to
the patient EXCEPT:
a.Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans
b.X-Ray flat films (standard radiography)
c.Screening mammography
d.Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Answers- d.Nuclear magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI)
1.A "targeted therapy" is an agent designed to act on ("target") a specific abnormal
molecular feature found in cancer cells.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a. True
1.Animal testing is a required prerequisite step to clinical trials in humans because it
accurately predicts the efficacy of new therapy in humans.
a.True
b.False - Answers- b.False
All of the following statements about "gatekeeper" genes are true EXCEPT:
a.They prevent cells with damaged DNA from completing the cell cycle
b.They activate apoptosis of cells with damaged DNA
c.They are tumor suppressor genes
d.They detect and repair DNA damage. - Answers- d.They detect and repair DNA
damage.
1.The movement and fate drugs within the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion) is known as the pharmacokinetics of the drug.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True (movement is kinetics)
1.Radiological imaging delivers information about all of the following except:
a.Tumor size
b.Tumor grade
c.Tumor invasive adjacent structures
d.Tumor shape - Answers- b.Tumor grade (cannot tell shit about grade because that is
in a biopsy)
1.A phase III clinical trial is performed for any new (experimental) cancer drug in order
to demonstrate efficacy and safety in actual cancer patients before approved by the
FDA
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True (mainly to determine safety, efficacy is mainly for the final
step)
,1.All of the following statements are true about cancer staging EXCEPT:
a.It guides treatment planning and patient management
b.It categorizes patients according to the anatomic extent of the cancer.
c.It correlates with probability of responding to a targeted therapy
d.It correlates with risk of dying from the cancer. - Answers- c.It correlates with
probability of responding to a targeted therapy (we would look at the grade for that)
1.More than half of all the cancer in the world is preventable
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.All of the following statements about mutations are true EXCEPT:
a.They are caused by hormones
b.They are caused by unrepaired DNA replication error
c.They are caused by chemicals that damage DNA
d.They are caused by ionizing radiation - Answers- a.They are caused by hormones
(they are not caused by hormones)
1.All of the following statements about screening test for cancer are true EXCEPT:
a.False positives will lead to over-treatment
b.They are most successful when the cancer being screened for is very rare
c.They are most successful when used in a high-risk population
d.False negatives lead to under treatment - Answers- b.They are most successful when
the cancer being screened for is very rare (they are less succesful)
1.The type of cancer therapy that most successfully addresses the challenge of
heterogeneity within a malignant neoplasm is:
a.Chemotherapy
b.Targeted therapy
c.Surgery
d.Radiation - Answers- c.Surgery (you dont care what it is you cut it the fuc out boi)
1.The goal of the Health Information Portability and Accountability ACT (HIPAA) is to
protect patient safety.
a.True
b.False - Answers- b.False (for their privacy)
1.Cancers types caused by viral infection that could be prevented by vaccination include
all of the following EXCEPT:
a.Cervical cancer
b.Head and neck cancer
c.Liver cancer
d.Colon cancer - Answers- d. Colon cancer
1.Death from cancer is most commonly a consequence of metastasis.
, a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.A complex adaptive system is characterized by unpredictable emergent (new)
behaviors.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.Surgery is typically the treatment of choice for cancer that are localized to the organ of
origin at the time of diagnosis.
a.True
False - Answers- a.True (cut that shyt out)
1.Surgery was the first treatment approach that was ever demonstrated to cure (some)
cancer.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.Cancer chemotherapy puts elective evolutionary pressure on tumor cells to generate
drug-resistant clones.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True (makes that shyt change)
1.All of the following statements are true about radiation therapy EXCEPT:
a.It directly causes DNA damage to tumor cells.
b.It is most effective when delivered in a single large dose.
c.Is most effective when the tumor cells are rapidly dividing.
It indirectly causes DNA damage to tumor cells through the induction of reactive oxygen
species - Answers- b.It is most effective when delivered in a single large dose. (it is
most effective in fractionation)
1.All of the following statements are true about therapeutic use of combinations of
systemic therapies (different therapies used together) EXCEPT:
a.It increases the toxicity of treatment
b.It increases the speed with which resistant tumor clones arise
c.It increases the complexity of treatment administration
d.It increases the cost of treatment - Answers- b.It increases the speed with which
resistant tumor clones arise (still arise at the same rate)
1.All of the following statements about oncogenes (mutated proto-oncogenes) are true
EXCEPT:
a.They are dominant mutations.
b.They are loss-of-function mutation.
c.They sustain proliferative signaling (a hallmark)
d.They are driver mutations. - Answers- b.They are loss-of-function mutation.
(they are gain in function mutation)
1.All of the following radiological imaging techniques deliver ionizing radiation energy to
the patient EXCEPT:
a.Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans
b.X-Ray flat films (standard radiography)
c.Screening mammography
d.Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Answers- d.Nuclear magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI)
1.A "targeted therapy" is an agent designed to act on ("target") a specific abnormal
molecular feature found in cancer cells.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a. True
1.Animal testing is a required prerequisite step to clinical trials in humans because it
accurately predicts the efficacy of new therapy in humans.
a.True
b.False - Answers- b.False
All of the following statements about "gatekeeper" genes are true EXCEPT:
a.They prevent cells with damaged DNA from completing the cell cycle
b.They activate apoptosis of cells with damaged DNA
c.They are tumor suppressor genes
d.They detect and repair DNA damage. - Answers- d.They detect and repair DNA
damage.
1.The movement and fate drugs within the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion) is known as the pharmacokinetics of the drug.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True (movement is kinetics)
1.Radiological imaging delivers information about all of the following except:
a.Tumor size
b.Tumor grade
c.Tumor invasive adjacent structures
d.Tumor shape - Answers- b.Tumor grade (cannot tell shit about grade because that is
in a biopsy)
1.A phase III clinical trial is performed for any new (experimental) cancer drug in order
to demonstrate efficacy and safety in actual cancer patients before approved by the
FDA
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True (mainly to determine safety, efficacy is mainly for the final
step)
,1.All of the following statements are true about cancer staging EXCEPT:
a.It guides treatment planning and patient management
b.It categorizes patients according to the anatomic extent of the cancer.
c.It correlates with probability of responding to a targeted therapy
d.It correlates with risk of dying from the cancer. - Answers- c.It correlates with
probability of responding to a targeted therapy (we would look at the grade for that)
1.More than half of all the cancer in the world is preventable
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.All of the following statements about mutations are true EXCEPT:
a.They are caused by hormones
b.They are caused by unrepaired DNA replication error
c.They are caused by chemicals that damage DNA
d.They are caused by ionizing radiation - Answers- a.They are caused by hormones
(they are not caused by hormones)
1.All of the following statements about screening test for cancer are true EXCEPT:
a.False positives will lead to over-treatment
b.They are most successful when the cancer being screened for is very rare
c.They are most successful when used in a high-risk population
d.False negatives lead to under treatment - Answers- b.They are most successful when
the cancer being screened for is very rare (they are less succesful)
1.The type of cancer therapy that most successfully addresses the challenge of
heterogeneity within a malignant neoplasm is:
a.Chemotherapy
b.Targeted therapy
c.Surgery
d.Radiation - Answers- c.Surgery (you dont care what it is you cut it the fuc out boi)
1.The goal of the Health Information Portability and Accountability ACT (HIPAA) is to
protect patient safety.
a.True
b.False - Answers- b.False (for their privacy)
1.Cancers types caused by viral infection that could be prevented by vaccination include
all of the following EXCEPT:
a.Cervical cancer
b.Head and neck cancer
c.Liver cancer
d.Colon cancer - Answers- d. Colon cancer
1.Death from cancer is most commonly a consequence of metastasis.
, a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.A complex adaptive system is characterized by unpredictable emergent (new)
behaviors.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.Surgery is typically the treatment of choice for cancer that are localized to the organ of
origin at the time of diagnosis.
a.True
False - Answers- a.True (cut that shyt out)
1.Surgery was the first treatment approach that was ever demonstrated to cure (some)
cancer.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True
1.Cancer chemotherapy puts elective evolutionary pressure on tumor cells to generate
drug-resistant clones.
a.True
b.False - Answers- a.True (makes that shyt change)
1.All of the following statements are true about radiation therapy EXCEPT:
a.It directly causes DNA damage to tumor cells.
b.It is most effective when delivered in a single large dose.
c.Is most effective when the tumor cells are rapidly dividing.
It indirectly causes DNA damage to tumor cells through the induction of reactive oxygen
species - Answers- b.It is most effective when delivered in a single large dose. (it is
most effective in fractionation)
1.All of the following statements are true about therapeutic use of combinations of
systemic therapies (different therapies used together) EXCEPT:
a.It increases the toxicity of treatment
b.It increases the speed with which resistant tumor clones arise
c.It increases the complexity of treatment administration
d.It increases the cost of treatment - Answers- b.It increases the speed with which
resistant tumor clones arise (still arise at the same rate)
1.All of the following statements about oncogenes (mutated proto-oncogenes) are true
EXCEPT:
a.They are dominant mutations.
b.They are loss-of-function mutation.
c.They sustain proliferative signaling (a hallmark)
d.They are driver mutations. - Answers- b.They are loss-of-function mutation.
(they are gain in function mutation)
