Test 2: Pediatric Nursing NCLEX
Practice /50 Questions and Correct
Answers
A mother asks the nurse how to handle her 5-year-old child, who recently started wetting the
pants after being completely toilet trained. The child just started attending nursery school 2
days a week. Which principle should guide the nurse's response? - correct answer: The child
returns to a level of behavior that increases the sense of security.
The stress of starting nursery school may trigger a return to a level of successful behavior from
earlier stages of development. Parents may notice a change in their child's bathroom behaviors.
They'll want to observe if the child is going more frequently or having accidents.
A child's skills remain intact, although increased stress may prevent the child from using these
skills. When they're scared or nervous, they may actually feel sick or behave in ways that are not
typical for them. That may be how they tell parents that something is bothering them. - correct
answer:
Growth occurs when the child does not regress. When talking about starting school, reassure
the child that school is a fun and safe space. Offer a reminder that the child will get to meet new
friends and participate in fun games and activities. - correct answer:
Parents rarely desire less mature behaviors. Let the child know that it's normal to feel anxious
about starting school. Acknowledging fears can be helpful. Providing the child with positive
praise for coping with nervousness will help with building good coping skills. - correct answer:
A 1-year-and 2-month-old child weighing 26 lb (11.8 kg) is admitted for traction to treat
congenital hip dislocation. When preparing the patient's room, the nurse anticipates using
which traction system? - correct answer: Bryant's traction
Bryant's traction is used to treat femoral fractures of congenital hip dislocation in children under
age 2 who weigh less than 30 lb (13.6 kg). In Bryant's traction, the child's body and the weights
,are used as tension to keep the end of the femur (the large bone that goes from the knee to the
hip) in the hip socket.
Buck's extension traction is skin traction used for short-term immobilization or to correct bone
deformities or contractures. Buck's traction is a type of skin traction that is widely used for
femoral, hip, and acetabular fractures, which are fractures in the socket portion of the "ball-
and-socket" hip joint. - correct answer:
Overhead suspension traction is used to treat fractures of the humerus. Overhead traction is
maintained for three weeks after which traction is removed, and hip plaster spica is applied with
knees in 10-15 degrees flexion and foot in neutral position. The child is allowed to walk after six
weeks in cast. - correct answer:
90-90 traction is used to treat femoral fracture in children over age 2. This is indicated for
unstable hip dislocations, acetabular, proximal femur, and shaft fractures. Traction pin
placement is placed at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of the femur. - correct answer:
Parents bring their infant to the clinic, seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has
lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse in charge detects dry mucous membranes and
lethargy. What other findings suggest a fluid volume deficit? - correct answer: A sunken fontanel
In an infant, signs of fluid volume deficit (dehydration) include sunken fontanels, increased pulse
rate, and decreased blood pressure. They occur when the body can no longer maintain
sufficient intravascular fluid volume. When this happens, the kidneys conserve water to
minimize fluid loss, which results in concentrated urine with high specific gravity.
Children with hypernatremia have better hemodynamics (eg, less tachycardia and better urine
output) than do children with hyponatremia, in whom fluid has shifted out of the vascular
space. - correct answer:
Dehydrated children with hyponatremia may appear only mildly dehydrated but are actually
closer to hypotension and cardiovascular collapse than are equally dehydrated children with
elevated or normal sodium levels. - correct answer:
, Other laboratory abnormalities in dehydration include relative polycythemia resulting from
hemoconcentration, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and increased urine specific gravity. -
correct answer:
Which of the following situations increase the risk of lead poisoning in children? - correct
answer: Playing in the park with heavy traffic and with many vehicles passing by.
Lead poisoning may be caused by inhalation of dust and smoke from leaded gas. It may also be
caused by lead-based paint, soil, water (especially from plumbings of old houses).
Approximately 535000 children between 1 and 5 years of age have an elevated blood lead
concentration, defined by the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention of
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as greater than or equal to 5mcg/dL based
on the 97.5 percentile of blood lead concentrations in the most recent National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset.
Several million young children in the United States live in older homes in which lead-based paint
was previously used, and as this old paint ages, it peels, flakes, and crumbles into dust that
settles on the interior surfaces of homes and in the soil surrounding the exterior of the home. -
correct answer:
Despite the fact that the amount of lead in paint intended for use in or on residential buildings,
furniture, or children's toys in the United States has been restricted to 0.06% since 1978 and
was further reduced to 0.009% in 2008, lead-based paint continues to be a major source of lead
exposure in young children. - correct answer:
Prevalence rates of children under 1 year of age with elevated blood lead concentrations are
consistently lower than those in the 1 to 4 year age group, likely because lead is a cumulative
toxin and because young children are more mobile and overall have more hand-to-mouth
behavior compared to infants. - correct answer:
Practice /50 Questions and Correct
Answers
A mother asks the nurse how to handle her 5-year-old child, who recently started wetting the
pants after being completely toilet trained. The child just started attending nursery school 2
days a week. Which principle should guide the nurse's response? - correct answer: The child
returns to a level of behavior that increases the sense of security.
The stress of starting nursery school may trigger a return to a level of successful behavior from
earlier stages of development. Parents may notice a change in their child's bathroom behaviors.
They'll want to observe if the child is going more frequently or having accidents.
A child's skills remain intact, although increased stress may prevent the child from using these
skills. When they're scared or nervous, they may actually feel sick or behave in ways that are not
typical for them. That may be how they tell parents that something is bothering them. - correct
answer:
Growth occurs when the child does not regress. When talking about starting school, reassure
the child that school is a fun and safe space. Offer a reminder that the child will get to meet new
friends and participate in fun games and activities. - correct answer:
Parents rarely desire less mature behaviors. Let the child know that it's normal to feel anxious
about starting school. Acknowledging fears can be helpful. Providing the child with positive
praise for coping with nervousness will help with building good coping skills. - correct answer:
A 1-year-and 2-month-old child weighing 26 lb (11.8 kg) is admitted for traction to treat
congenital hip dislocation. When preparing the patient's room, the nurse anticipates using
which traction system? - correct answer: Bryant's traction
Bryant's traction is used to treat femoral fractures of congenital hip dislocation in children under
age 2 who weigh less than 30 lb (13.6 kg). In Bryant's traction, the child's body and the weights
,are used as tension to keep the end of the femur (the large bone that goes from the knee to the
hip) in the hip socket.
Buck's extension traction is skin traction used for short-term immobilization or to correct bone
deformities or contractures. Buck's traction is a type of skin traction that is widely used for
femoral, hip, and acetabular fractures, which are fractures in the socket portion of the "ball-
and-socket" hip joint. - correct answer:
Overhead suspension traction is used to treat fractures of the humerus. Overhead traction is
maintained for three weeks after which traction is removed, and hip plaster spica is applied with
knees in 10-15 degrees flexion and foot in neutral position. The child is allowed to walk after six
weeks in cast. - correct answer:
90-90 traction is used to treat femoral fracture in children over age 2. This is indicated for
unstable hip dislocations, acetabular, proximal femur, and shaft fractures. Traction pin
placement is placed at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of the femur. - correct answer:
Parents bring their infant to the clinic, seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has
lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse in charge detects dry mucous membranes and
lethargy. What other findings suggest a fluid volume deficit? - correct answer: A sunken fontanel
In an infant, signs of fluid volume deficit (dehydration) include sunken fontanels, increased pulse
rate, and decreased blood pressure. They occur when the body can no longer maintain
sufficient intravascular fluid volume. When this happens, the kidneys conserve water to
minimize fluid loss, which results in concentrated urine with high specific gravity.
Children with hypernatremia have better hemodynamics (eg, less tachycardia and better urine
output) than do children with hyponatremia, in whom fluid has shifted out of the vascular
space. - correct answer:
Dehydrated children with hyponatremia may appear only mildly dehydrated but are actually
closer to hypotension and cardiovascular collapse than are equally dehydrated children with
elevated or normal sodium levels. - correct answer:
, Other laboratory abnormalities in dehydration include relative polycythemia resulting from
hemoconcentration, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and increased urine specific gravity. -
correct answer:
Which of the following situations increase the risk of lead poisoning in children? - correct
answer: Playing in the park with heavy traffic and with many vehicles passing by.
Lead poisoning may be caused by inhalation of dust and smoke from leaded gas. It may also be
caused by lead-based paint, soil, water (especially from plumbings of old houses).
Approximately 535000 children between 1 and 5 years of age have an elevated blood lead
concentration, defined by the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention of
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as greater than or equal to 5mcg/dL based
on the 97.5 percentile of blood lead concentrations in the most recent National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset.
Several million young children in the United States live in older homes in which lead-based paint
was previously used, and as this old paint ages, it peels, flakes, and crumbles into dust that
settles on the interior surfaces of homes and in the soil surrounding the exterior of the home. -
correct answer:
Despite the fact that the amount of lead in paint intended for use in or on residential buildings,
furniture, or children's toys in the United States has been restricted to 0.06% since 1978 and
was further reduced to 0.009% in 2008, lead-based paint continues to be a major source of lead
exposure in young children. - correct answer:
Prevalence rates of children under 1 year of age with elevated blood lead concentrations are
consistently lower than those in the 1 to 4 year age group, likely because lead is a cumulative
toxin and because young children are more mobile and overall have more hand-to-mouth
behavior compared to infants. - correct answer:
