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Abstinence Violation Effect (AVE) - ✔✔Attributions that follow relapse after an
extended period of abstinence or moderation. Tendency to continue to engage in a
prohibited behavior following the violation of a personal goal to abstain.
Acculturated - ✔✔assimilate or cause to assimilate a different culture, typically the
dominant one.
Acetaldehyde - ✔✔a colorless volatile liquid aldehyde obtained by oxidizing ethanol
Acetylcholine - ✔✔A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction
Active Listening - ✔✔Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and
clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.
addiction - ✔✔A physiological or psychological dependence on a drug
Addiction counseling - ✔✔counseling aimed at helping individuals, couples, and
families in individual or group modalities to manage or overcome varying degrees of
involvement with substances or addictive behaviors
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,Addiction Severity Index (ASI) - ✔✔a rating scale that was developed to be used by
clinicians to measure the severity of a client's substance abuse problems; This tool
measures 7 substance abuse-related problem areas: medical condition, drug use, alcohol
use, employment, illegal activity, social relations, and psychological findings
Addiction-Only Service - ✔✔prevention, treatment, maintenance and recovery services
for individuals diagnosed with substance use and problem gambling disorders or are at
risk of developing those disorders
Additive drug interaction - ✔✔when the effect of two drugs given in combination
equals the mathematical summation of their effects when given alone
Adrenaline - ✔✔a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, especially in conditions of
stress, increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism
and preparing muscles for exertion.
Agonist - ✔✔a substance which initiates a physiological response when combined with
a receptor.
agonist maintenance treatment - ✔✔a harm reduction program (e.g., methadone
maintenance) that consists of pharmacotherapy maintenance approaches coupled with
counseling.
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, Alcohol Induced Persisting Dementia (AIPD) - ✔✔Dementia related to alcohol
consumption requiring both memory impairment and another cognitive deficit such as
aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, or disturbance in executive functioning.
Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) - ✔✔a
questionnaire that screens for all levels of problem or risky substance use in adults
Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) - ✔✔10-item screening tool
developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess alcohol consumption,
drinking behaviors, and alcohol-related problems.
Allostasis - ✔✔a dynamic body adjustment to long-term biological conditions of a
person's life
Amotivational Syndrome - ✔✔a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by a variety
of changes in personality, emotions and cognitive functions such as lack of activity,
inward-turning, avolition, apathy, incoherence, blunted affect, inability to concentrate
and memory disturbance
Amyglada - ✔✔part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and
arousal
Anandamide - ✔✔an endogenous substance that binds the cannabinoid receptor
molecule
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