Chemistry 130 Arizona College of Nursing Midterm; Questions and Answers 100% Solved

Chemistry 130 Arizona College of Nursing Midterm; Questions and Answers 100% Solved Length - ANSWER -Meter Volume - ANSWER -Liter Mass - ANSWER -Grams Scientific notation - ANSWER -A way of representing numbers consisting of a product between a nonexponential number and raised to a whole-number exponent that may be positive or negative. Significant figures - ANSWER -The numbers in a measurement that represent the certainty of the measurement, plus one number representing an estimate. Density - ANSWER -The number given when the mass of a sample of a substance is divided by the volume of the same sample. Molecular weight - ANSWER -The relative mass of a molecule expressed in atomic mass units and calculated by adding together the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecule. Protons - ANSWER -a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign. Neutrons - ANSWER -a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen. Electrons - ANSWER -a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. Isotopes - ANSWER -Atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. That is, they are atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Atom - ANSWER -An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Mass number of an atom - ANSWER -A number equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Symbolically it is represented by. Mole - ANSWER -The number of particles (atoms or molecules) contained in a sample of an element or compound with a mass in grams equal to the atomic or molecular weight, respectively. Numerically, mol is equal to particles. Period of the periodic table - ANSWER -A horizontal row of elements. Group of the periodic table - ANSWER -A vertical column of elements that have similar chemical properties; also called family of the periodic table. Metals - ANSWER -Elements found in the left two-thirds of the periodic table. Most have the following properties: high thermal and electrical conductivities, high malleability and ductility, and a metallic luster. Nonmetals - ANSWER -Elements found in the right one-third of the periodic table. They often occur as brittle, powdery solids or gasses and have properties generally opposite those of metals. Metalloids - ANSWER -Elements that form a narrow diagonal band in the periodic table between metals and nonmetals. They have properties somewhat between those of metals and nonmetals. Metallic property - ANSWER -Physical properties associated with metallic character include metallic luster, shiny appearance, high density, high thermal conductivity, and high electrical conductivity. Most metals are malleable and ductile and can be deformed without breaking. Many metals are hard and dense. Atomic radii - ANSWER -is a measure of the size of its atom, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost isolated electron. Ionization energy - ANSWER -ionization energy, ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule. How to find the number of valence electrons - ANSWER -the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom's main group number. Octet rule - ANSWER -A rule for predicting electron behavior in reacting atoms. It says that atoms will gain or lose sufficient electrons to achieve an outer electron arrangement identical to that of a noble gas. This arrangement usually consists of eight electrons in the valence shell. Cations - ANSWER -positively-charged ions (atoms or groups of atoms that have more protons than electrons due to having lost one or more electrons). Anions - ANSWER -negatively-charged ions (meaning they have more electrons than protons due to having gained one or more electrons). Binary compound - ANSWER -A compound made up of two different elements. Covalent bond - ANSWER -The attractive force that results between two atoms that are both attracted to a shared pair of electrons. Ionic bound - ANSWER -The attractive force that holds together ions of opposite charge.