Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024
STAT 201 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS
Design - ANSWER✔✔-Stating questions of interest and plan to get a sample.
Description - ANSWER✔✔-Summarizing and Analyzing data obtained.
Inference - ANSWER✔✔-Conclusions made for the entire population.
Population - ANSWER✔✔-The group of all or every item. "All USC students" or "Every resident of SC".
Sample - ANSWER✔✔-A subset of the population. "A sample of 100 USC students" or "A sample of 500
residents of SC."
Parameter - ANSWER✔✔-Results from a population. (remember both begin with the letter p). "The % of
all USC students" or "The average number of pets for every resident of SC".
Statistic - ANSWER✔✔-Results from a sample. (remember both begin with the letter s). "The % of a
sample of USC students" or "The average number pets for a sample of residents of SC"
Descriptive Statistics - ANSWER✔✔-Methods for summarizing collected data.
Inferential Statistics - ANSWER✔✔-Decisions/predictions about a population.
Sampling Methods - ANSWER✔✔-o Require some element of randomization.
o Sampling is required most of the time because to study the entire population would take too long, cost
too much, and be much harder to work with.
Discrete Quantitative Variables - ANSWER✔✔-Variables where the data represents counts. Look for
keyphrase "the number of ..."
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Continuous Quantitative Variables - ANSWER✔✔-- Variables where the data represents measurements. -
Think of numbers that have units on them. - Measurements are things like money, weight, length, time,
etc.
Categorical Variables - ANSWER✔✔-- Variables where the data represents categories - Anything that is
not quantitative is categorical. - Anything that is not a number is categorical but there are some numbers
that are categorical (any number that does not represent a count or a measurement; such as, zip code or
social security number).
Graphs for Categorical Variables - ANSWER✔✔-Bar Chart, Pie Chart, and Pareto Chart (a bar chart with
categories arranged in descending order by count).
Graphs for Quantitative Variables - ANSWER✔✔-Stem-and-Leaf Display, histogram (similar to bar chart
but bars are touching and axis is a number line), and dot plot. (all of these graphs have some sort of
number line.)
Mean - ANSWER✔✔-Average and acts as the balance point.
Median - ANSWER✔✔-Middle value in an ordered array. 50% of data is less than it and 50% of data is
more than it.
Mode - ANSWER✔✔-Most common value in the dataset.
Range - ANSWER✔✔-Total spread in the data. Difference between the maximum and the minimum.
Standard Deviation - ANSWER✔✔-Typical (or average) difference between the observations and the
mean.
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STAT 201 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS
Design - ANSWER✔✔-Stating questions of interest and plan to get a sample.
Description - ANSWER✔✔-Summarizing and Analyzing data obtained.
Inference - ANSWER✔✔-Conclusions made for the entire population.
Population - ANSWER✔✔-The group of all or every item. "All USC students" or "Every resident of SC".
Sample - ANSWER✔✔-A subset of the population. "A sample of 100 USC students" or "A sample of 500
residents of SC."
Parameter - ANSWER✔✔-Results from a population. (remember both begin with the letter p). "The % of
all USC students" or "The average number of pets for every resident of SC".
Statistic - ANSWER✔✔-Results from a sample. (remember both begin with the letter s). "The % of a
sample of USC students" or "The average number pets for a sample of residents of SC"
Descriptive Statistics - ANSWER✔✔-Methods for summarizing collected data.
Inferential Statistics - ANSWER✔✔-Decisions/predictions about a population.
Sampling Methods - ANSWER✔✔-o Require some element of randomization.
o Sampling is required most of the time because to study the entire population would take too long, cost
too much, and be much harder to work with.
Discrete Quantitative Variables - ANSWER✔✔-Variables where the data represents counts. Look for
keyphrase "the number of ..."
Copyright ©Stuvia International BV 2010-2024 Page 1/9
, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024
Continuous Quantitative Variables - ANSWER✔✔-- Variables where the data represents measurements. -
Think of numbers that have units on them. - Measurements are things like money, weight, length, time,
etc.
Categorical Variables - ANSWER✔✔-- Variables where the data represents categories - Anything that is
not quantitative is categorical. - Anything that is not a number is categorical but there are some numbers
that are categorical (any number that does not represent a count or a measurement; such as, zip code or
social security number).
Graphs for Categorical Variables - ANSWER✔✔-Bar Chart, Pie Chart, and Pareto Chart (a bar chart with
categories arranged in descending order by count).
Graphs for Quantitative Variables - ANSWER✔✔-Stem-and-Leaf Display, histogram (similar to bar chart
but bars are touching and axis is a number line), and dot plot. (all of these graphs have some sort of
number line.)
Mean - ANSWER✔✔-Average and acts as the balance point.
Median - ANSWER✔✔-Middle value in an ordered array. 50% of data is less than it and 50% of data is
more than it.
Mode - ANSWER✔✔-Most common value in the dataset.
Range - ANSWER✔✔-Total spread in the data. Difference between the maximum and the minimum.
Standard Deviation - ANSWER✔✔-Typical (or average) difference between the observations and the
mean.
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