VTNE Study #2 Questions With Solutions
A 7-year old female spayed domestic short hair previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus
presents to your clinic dull and unresponsive. In addition to obtaining a blood glucose, what
other laboratory test would be important for determining the cat's diabetic status? Urine
ketones
A dog presents with excitability, muscle tremors, and hyperthermia. A blood panel shows
hypocalcemia, and the patient is prescribed an intravenous dose of calcium gluconate. What
monitoring must be performed during calcium gluconate administration?
Electrocardiogram
monitoring must be performed during calcium gluconate administration, and the administration
should be slowed or discontinued if bradycardia or arrhythmias occur.
Which of the following types of shock may cause brick-red mucous membrane color?
Septic shock
sometimes called distributive shock, may cause brick-red or injected mucous membrane color
and bounding pulses. This is because in cases of sepsis, the bacteria in the bloodstream cause
severe vasodilation, which leads to hyperemic gums and low blood pressure. Septic shock may
be caused by infectious diseases or by secondary infections.
, VTNE Study #2 Questions With Solutions
A Yorkshire Terrier who has given birth 2 weeks ago presents with a history of tremoring. She is
febrile and not eating well. On her electrolyte panel which of the following would you expect to
see? Hypocalcemia
Eclampsia, also known as "milk fever" is caused by a low calcium level. It most often occurs
around 3 weeks after whelping due to losing calcium in the milk and the inability of the body to
keep up with demand.
It is most common in small-breed dogs with larger litters. It is treated with calcium gluconate IV
in an acute crisis and oral supplementation is then required.
A Dachshund presents for back problems and the dog is ambulatory but very unsteady in both
hindlimbs. The doctor suspects an intervertebral disk protrusion that is affecting the spinal cord.
Regarding the gait, this dog has: Paresis
is partial loss or impaired movement; this is when motor is still present. A dog with paresis of
both hindlimbs would have "paraparesis".
exaggerated gait caused by cerebellar disease. Hypermetria
A 10-year old Chow Chow needs a whole blood transfusion due to anemia from chronic renal
failure. The patient has received multiple blood transfusions over the last 2 years. What blood
test is needed prior to initiating the transfusion?
, VTNE Study #2 Questions With Solutions
Tick-titer
Blood type
Coagulation profile
Crossmatch
Total protein Crossmatch
In a cow that is having difficulty calving and seems to have her legs splaying out from
underneath her, you are most concerned about damage to which nerve? Obturator nerve
paralysis (ONP) is most common. This nerve is responsible for adducting the hind limbs and
runs from the spinal cord into the birth canal before it innervates the inner thighs. During
birthing, this nerve can become crushed and lead to this problem.
In a pregnant mare, "red bag" delivery implies what situation? Premature placental
separation
A dog has a high fever, is lethargic, and is diagnosed with peritonitis. What does this dog have?
Inflammation of the internal abdominal lining
, VTNE Study #2 Questions With Solutions
A 55-pound Pit Bull mix "Rocky" was hit by a car and is hospitalized in the emergency ward.
The ECG is showing continuous runs of ventricular tachycardia. The veterinarian asks you to
start a constant rate infusion of lidocaine to be given at 80 micrograms per kilogram per minute
(ug/kg/min). The dog is currently on a fluid rate of 80 mL per hour. Lidocaine is a 2% solution.
How much lidocaine will you add to a liter of LRS? 75mL
1) Convert pounds to kilograms-55 pounds/2.2 pounds per kg = 25 kg2)
Calculate the number of hours an infusion will last by dividing the volume in the bag (1 liter, or
1,000 ml) by the rate per hour: 1,000 ml/80ml/hr = 12.5 hours3)
Now take the number of hours (12.5) and multiply by 60 to calculate how many minutes this is:
12.5 X 60 = 750 minutes4) Plug into the equation: 80 ug/25kg/750min= 1,500,000 ug5)
Now convert the ug into mg by dividing by 1,000: 1,500,000/1,000 = 1500 mg6)
Calculate the quantity of lidocaine to add by dividing the 1500 mg by the concentration of the
drug (20mg/ml): 1500mg/20mg/ml = 75 ml
What constitutes anemia? A low packed cell volume
A butterfly catheter is most commonly used to:
Give intraosseous fluids
Administer an IV injection
Collect a urine sample
A 7-year old female spayed domestic short hair previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus
presents to your clinic dull and unresponsive. In addition to obtaining a blood glucose, what
other laboratory test would be important for determining the cat's diabetic status? Urine
ketones
A dog presents with excitability, muscle tremors, and hyperthermia. A blood panel shows
hypocalcemia, and the patient is prescribed an intravenous dose of calcium gluconate. What
monitoring must be performed during calcium gluconate administration?
Electrocardiogram
monitoring must be performed during calcium gluconate administration, and the administration
should be slowed or discontinued if bradycardia or arrhythmias occur.
Which of the following types of shock may cause brick-red mucous membrane color?
Septic shock
sometimes called distributive shock, may cause brick-red or injected mucous membrane color
and bounding pulses. This is because in cases of sepsis, the bacteria in the bloodstream cause
severe vasodilation, which leads to hyperemic gums and low blood pressure. Septic shock may
be caused by infectious diseases or by secondary infections.
, VTNE Study #2 Questions With Solutions
A Yorkshire Terrier who has given birth 2 weeks ago presents with a history of tremoring. She is
febrile and not eating well. On her electrolyte panel which of the following would you expect to
see? Hypocalcemia
Eclampsia, also known as "milk fever" is caused by a low calcium level. It most often occurs
around 3 weeks after whelping due to losing calcium in the milk and the inability of the body to
keep up with demand.
It is most common in small-breed dogs with larger litters. It is treated with calcium gluconate IV
in an acute crisis and oral supplementation is then required.
A Dachshund presents for back problems and the dog is ambulatory but very unsteady in both
hindlimbs. The doctor suspects an intervertebral disk protrusion that is affecting the spinal cord.
Regarding the gait, this dog has: Paresis
is partial loss or impaired movement; this is when motor is still present. A dog with paresis of
both hindlimbs would have "paraparesis".
exaggerated gait caused by cerebellar disease. Hypermetria
A 10-year old Chow Chow needs a whole blood transfusion due to anemia from chronic renal
failure. The patient has received multiple blood transfusions over the last 2 years. What blood
test is needed prior to initiating the transfusion?
, VTNE Study #2 Questions With Solutions
Tick-titer
Blood type
Coagulation profile
Crossmatch
Total protein Crossmatch
In a cow that is having difficulty calving and seems to have her legs splaying out from
underneath her, you are most concerned about damage to which nerve? Obturator nerve
paralysis (ONP) is most common. This nerve is responsible for adducting the hind limbs and
runs from the spinal cord into the birth canal before it innervates the inner thighs. During
birthing, this nerve can become crushed and lead to this problem.
In a pregnant mare, "red bag" delivery implies what situation? Premature placental
separation
A dog has a high fever, is lethargic, and is diagnosed with peritonitis. What does this dog have?
Inflammation of the internal abdominal lining
, VTNE Study #2 Questions With Solutions
A 55-pound Pit Bull mix "Rocky" was hit by a car and is hospitalized in the emergency ward.
The ECG is showing continuous runs of ventricular tachycardia. The veterinarian asks you to
start a constant rate infusion of lidocaine to be given at 80 micrograms per kilogram per minute
(ug/kg/min). The dog is currently on a fluid rate of 80 mL per hour. Lidocaine is a 2% solution.
How much lidocaine will you add to a liter of LRS? 75mL
1) Convert pounds to kilograms-55 pounds/2.2 pounds per kg = 25 kg2)
Calculate the number of hours an infusion will last by dividing the volume in the bag (1 liter, or
1,000 ml) by the rate per hour: 1,000 ml/80ml/hr = 12.5 hours3)
Now take the number of hours (12.5) and multiply by 60 to calculate how many minutes this is:
12.5 X 60 = 750 minutes4) Plug into the equation: 80 ug/25kg/750min= 1,500,000 ug5)
Now convert the ug into mg by dividing by 1,000: 1,500,000/1,000 = 1500 mg6)
Calculate the quantity of lidocaine to add by dividing the 1500 mg by the concentration of the
drug (20mg/ml): 1500mg/20mg/ml = 75 ml
What constitutes anemia? A low packed cell volume
A butterfly catheter is most commonly used to:
Give intraosseous fluids
Administer an IV injection
Collect a urine sample
