PATHO HESI Exam Questions & Answers 100% verified

Which pathophysiological response supports a client's vomiting experience? a. Sensory input of noxious stimuli relayed to the cognitive centers is associated with disgust and illicits vomiting. b. Response of stimulation of the posterior oropharynx results in reverse peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract. c. Spasmodic reflex of respiratory and gastric movements results from stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone. d. Increased gastric and colonic pressures move gastrointestinal contents to the orifice of least resistance. - ANSWER-c. Spasmodic reflex of respiratory and gastric movements results from stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Rationale: Vomiting is a reflex of spasmodic respiratory movements against the glottis causing the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. Stimulation of the emetic center results from afferent vagal and sympathetic nerve pathways that activate the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). A deficiency of intrinsic factor should alert the nurse to assess a client's history for which condition? a. Emphysema. b. Hemophilia. c. Pernicious anemia. d. Oxalic acid toxicity. - ANSWER-c. Pernicious anemia. Rationale: Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia due to failure of absorption of cobalamin (Vit B12). The most common cause is lack of intrinsic factor, a glucoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the gastric lining. The nurse is measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta. Which blood pressure finding should the nurse expect to obtain? a. Higher on the left side. b. Higher on the right side. c. Lower in the arms than in the legs. d. Lower in the legs than in the arms. - ANSWER-d. Lower in the legs than in the arms. Rationale: In coarctation of the aorta, a congenital constriction is found at the aorta near the ductus arteriosus region that lies past the left subclavian arteries, which perfuses the upper extremities. The child should have higher blood pressures in the upper extremities than in the legs.