Pathophysiology Final (HESI) Exam Questions & Answers

asymptomatic disease with mild discomfort, diarrhea, or constipation and flatulence which can be excused for other reasons. during acute episodes, food intake should be reduced along with antimicrobial drugs taken as needed; treated by increasing the bulk in the diet, omitting foods such as seeds or popcorn, and encouraging regular bowel movements without constipation - ANSWER-diverticulosis secrete hormones directly into the blood, in contrast to exocrine glands that secrete into a duct - ANSWER-endocrine glands chemical messengers that affect blood glucose levels, including insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone - ANSWER-hormones develops more frequently in patients with Type 2 diabetes; often the patient is an older person with an infection or one who has overindulged in carbs, thereby using more insulin than anticipated. condition may be difficult to diagnose initially; severe cellular dehydration results in neurologic deficits, muscle weakness, difficulties with speech, and abnormal reflexes. hyperglycemia and dehydration develop because of the relative insulin deficit, but sufficient insulin is available to prevent ketoacidosis. #1 nursing intervention with a patient who has HHNC is to maintain a patent airway! - ANSWER-HHNC decreased mobility, hormonal factors, calcium deficits, low vitamin D, or low protein are all factors of... osteoporosis - ANSWER-osteoporosis excessive ___ intake is a contributor to osteoporosis - ANSWER-caffeine this kind of pregnancy test should be performed if it is ectopic - ANSWER-serum pregnancy test this level is expected to double about every 48 hours in a normal pregnancy; if failed to double, the pregnancy may be ectopic - ANSWER-beta- hCG administered to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disorders. the sterile gut of a newborn lacks intestinal bacteria necessary for the synthesis of this vitamin. required for the production of clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen - ANSWER-vitamin K results from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, constriction of the pericardium by tumor, or pericarditis secondary to radiation therapy to the chest. manifestations include heavy feelings over the chest, shortness of breath, tachycardia, cough, dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, excessive perspiration, decreased level of consciousness, pulses paradoxes, distant or muted heart sounds, and extreme anxiety, neck vein distension. a medical emergency; pericardiocentesis with surgical repair as appropriate is needed (16-18 gauge needle inserted into pericardial space to relieve pressure and analyze fluid) - ANSWER-cardiac tamponade