CPDT-KA EXAM 2024

CPDT-KA EXAM 2024 Operant Conditioning - Skinner - Answer ️️ -learned by association -works with VOLUNTARY behaviors - applying reinforcement or punishment AFTER the behavior Creator of this method considered a "reinforcer" something that made a behavior occur more frequently. If there was no change in the behavior, it wasn't a reinforcement. Formula: Discriminative Stimulus (your command)-Response-Consequence Classical Conditioning - Pavlov - Answer ️️ -Learned association between 2 events: 1 event is neutral and 1 event elicits an unconditioned response. Works with INVOLUNTARY/automatic behaviors (like drooling) and placing a neutral sign (like ringing a bell) BEFORE it. John Watson's basic theory of behavior - Answer ️️ -Behavior is based on responding to a given stimulus Learning - Answer ️️ -a change in behavior that lasts for a long time Baby Albert Experiment - Answer ️️ -Dr. John Watson's Study • Baby Albert was subjected to loud crashing noises that were associated with a white rat (come to be known as fear conditioning) • Baby Albert came to fear the rat without the noises • Stimulus Generalization - baby Albert began to fear things similar to the rat such as things with white hair Thought to have proved fear was taught, not innate. Performance - Answer ️️ -the doing of a behavior, doesn't mean that something was learned Discriminative Stimulus - Answer ️️ -Your command Temporary Criteria - Answer ️️ -the beginning steps of an exercise towards performing a command that is new to the dog Reward Based Training - Answer ️️ -uses positive reinforcement (rewards) and negative punishment (removing something the dog likes - i.e. your attention) Primary Reinforcer - Answer ️️ -food, water, anything dog needs for survival. Food activates parasympathetic nervous system, can calm dog, make him less fearful, & result in training process being enjoyable Secondary Reinforcer aka Conditioned Reinforcer - Answer ️️ -Clicker, saying "yes", . . . marks a behavior as rewardable and promises reward in near future. Rewards such as tennis balls, petting, clapping, tug- dog is conditioned to like them. ALL OF THESE ARE LEARNED THROUGH CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. Tertiary Reinforcer - Answer ️️ -anything that reliably predicts the chance of receiving reinforcement - further removed than a secondary reinforcer. reinforcement counterpoint - Answer ️️ -Do not feed or reward unwanted behaviors during training Shaping - Answer ️️ -rewards dog for successful progressive approximations of the permanent criteria, aka final desired behavior. Luring - Answer ️️ -lead the dog into the behavior by tempting with a treat. Prompting - Answer ️️ -Anything that follows the cue to help the dog meet the criteria. Chaining - Answer ️️ -method of teaching a complex sequence of behaviors. each behavior signals the other behavior that eventually signals a reward. Doing this from the last step to the first step is usually the most efficient way - with the last behavior trained first, followed by a reward. Then teach the behavior that will preceed that one, etc, etc. Free Shaping - Answer ️️ -No instruction, cues or input is given, except for the secondary reinforcer (usually a clicker). Modeling - Answer ️️ -Physically moving the dog into the desired criteria position. Ex: Pushing down the butt to get to produce a sit. Capturing - Answer ️️ -Giving the cue (saying "down") when the dog produces the behavior without guidance in attempt to associate the behavior with the cue. Discrimination - Answer ️️ -in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus Generalization - Answer ️️ -the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses - In it's positive aspect, the ability to perform the correct behavior in response to a command cue (stimulus), said in any tone, in any environment. Poisoned Cue - Answer ️️ -When a cue becomes associated with something worth avoiding Stimulus control - Answer ️️ -When a dog can both discriminate and generalize a behavior, he is said to have learned: Superstitious Behavior - Answer ️️ -some irrelevant behavior that the dog performs along with the desired one thinking that it's required to earn the reward. Usually the result of an accidental reinforcement VSR - Answer ️️ -Variable Schedules of Reinforcement - good for fluency Differential Reinforcement of Excellent Behavior - Answer ️️ -A type of VSR where we look for the best examples of the desired behavior to reward & ignore other offers Limited Hold - Answer ️️ -(VSR) Reward is available only for a certain length of time. It rewards the SPEED of response. Operant conditioning - Answer ️️ -Majority of dog training is this type Habituation - Answer ️️ -A decrease in the strength of a naturally elicited behavior that occurs through repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus. The reason for varying rewards - Answer ️️ -Because dogs can habituate to rewards resulting in slower, less vigorous responses Sensitization - Answer ️️ -reaction to a stimulus becomes even stronger when the stimulus is being shown repeatedly Desensitization - Answer ️️ -Presenting a stimulus at a sufficiently low level so a dog doesn't respond to it is: counter conditioning - Answer ️️ -a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors CER Conditioned Emotional Response - Answer ️️ -i.e. dog rides in car, hears backfire, now associates ride in car with loud scary noises and doesn't want to ride in cars. Very resistant to extinction Adaptation - Answer ️️ -Involves the physical process of training. Sometimes confused with habituation but has nothing to do with learning. It's the tiring of sensory neurons to perceive the stimulus. Learned Irrelevance - Answer ️️ -Pre-exposure effect. learns to ignore things that have or had no meaning to him or stops responding to a specific stimulus (cue, trigger) because it doesn't have a particular significance that is relevant to the dog. In more simple words, it's the dynamic that causes your dog to pose deaf ears to your continuous command to "sit", "no bite", or "co