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Exam (elaborations)

PHAR0003

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2023/2024 Written for academic year
Institution Economics
Course Economics
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What are opioids? - ANS Opioids: • Street use - not for physical pain states. • Patients (signalling in pain pathways) - used in presence of pain. Presence of opioid in presence of pain does not have same effect as recreational use. • Self administration and access, but patient controlled analgesia (PCA) also involves self administration. • Animals and patients pick doses. • Heroin vs morphine - same drug. • Pain must counter reinforcement. • Patients become physically dependent. • SM - control of the pain. What are the changes in opioid use? - ANS Changes in opioid use: • Kratom - mitraygnine - herbal opioid used by middle aged mid-income users for pain and anxiety. • Opiophobia - fears of addic

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