Poliomyelitis
Definition
▪ is an acute infectious disease caused by any of the three types
of Poliomyelitis virus which affects chiefly the anterior horn
cells of the Spinal cord and the medulla, cerebellum and
midbrain.
▪ Characterized by two febrile episodes, a minor and major
illness separated by a remission of one or two days followed
by varying degrees of muscle weakness or occasionally a
progressive Paralysis that ends fatally.
▪ Other names: Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis; Heine-Medina
Disease: Infantile Paralysis.
Aetiology and Epidemiology
▪ the causative virus is poliovirus (Legion Debilitants)
▪ there are 3 distinct serologic types of poliovirus (with no cross
Immunity)
, 1.
1. Type I – is the most promyogenic or the most frequent
cause of Paralytic poliomyelitis, both epidemic and
endemic.
2. Type II – the next most frequent.
3. Type III – the least frequently associated with paralytic
disease.
Types of Poliomyelitis
1) Spinal
▪ Cervical
▪ Thoracic
▪ Lumbar
2) Bulbar
▪ Cranial nerves
▪ Circular System
▪ Respiratory System
3) Bilbo-spinal
4) Polio encephalitis
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY:
▪ Most contagious a few days before and after the onset of
symptom when the virus is found in the oropharynx for about
a week, and in large quantities in the small bowel, and
continues to be in faeces up to about 3 months.
Mode of Transmission:
▪ Faecal-oral route
▪ Oral route through pharyngeal secretion
▪ Contact with infected persons
INCUBATION PERIOD:
▪ – Usually 7-14 days, with a range of 5-35 days, for paralytic
and non-paralytic forms; 3-5 days for the minor illness.
Signs and symptoms
▪ General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise)
▪ Headache
▪ Red throat
▪ Slight fever
▪ Sore throat
Definition
▪ is an acute infectious disease caused by any of the three types
of Poliomyelitis virus which affects chiefly the anterior horn
cells of the Spinal cord and the medulla, cerebellum and
midbrain.
▪ Characterized by two febrile episodes, a minor and major
illness separated by a remission of one or two days followed
by varying degrees of muscle weakness or occasionally a
progressive Paralysis that ends fatally.
▪ Other names: Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis; Heine-Medina
Disease: Infantile Paralysis.
Aetiology and Epidemiology
▪ the causative virus is poliovirus (Legion Debilitants)
▪ there are 3 distinct serologic types of poliovirus (with no cross
Immunity)
, 1.
1. Type I – is the most promyogenic or the most frequent
cause of Paralytic poliomyelitis, both epidemic and
endemic.
2. Type II – the next most frequent.
3. Type III – the least frequently associated with paralytic
disease.
Types of Poliomyelitis
1) Spinal
▪ Cervical
▪ Thoracic
▪ Lumbar
2) Bulbar
▪ Cranial nerves
▪ Circular System
▪ Respiratory System
3) Bilbo-spinal
4) Polio encephalitis
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY:
▪ Most contagious a few days before and after the onset of
symptom when the virus is found in the oropharynx for about
a week, and in large quantities in the small bowel, and
continues to be in faeces up to about 3 months.
Mode of Transmission:
▪ Faecal-oral route
▪ Oral route through pharyngeal secretion
▪ Contact with infected persons
INCUBATION PERIOD:
▪ – Usually 7-14 days, with a range of 5-35 days, for paralytic
and non-paralytic forms; 3-5 days for the minor illness.
Signs and symptoms
▪ General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise)
▪ Headache
▪ Red throat
▪ Slight fever
▪ Sore throat
