Nr 507 Study Guide Final Exam... Latest Update 2024

NR 507 STUDY GUIDE FINAL EXAM... Latest update 2024 Types of immunity-e.g. innate, active, etc Active immunity: long term (stimulates an immune response); includes: naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired active immunity  Naturally acquired active immunity: part of active immunity; acquired by exposure to live pathogen with symptoms of the infectious disease (caused by the pathogen)  Artificially acquired active immunity: part of active immunity; acquired by exposure to vaccine (weakened or dead pathogen) without exhibiting symptoms of the infectious diseases (caused by the pathogen); rapidly mutating viruses require annual vaccinations (influenza) or defy efforts to produce a vaccine (HIV) Passive immunity: short-term (does not stimulate an immune response); includes: artificially acquired passive immunity and naturally acquired passive immunity  Artificially acquired passive immunity: part of passive immunity; acquired by injection of antiserum (blood plasma of actively immune person) containing anti-pathogen antibodies  Naturally acquired passive immunity: part of passive immunity; antibodies acquired from the mother by fetus through placenta (persist 6 months - 1 year after birth) and by newborn from breast milk Innate immunity (lines of defense to pathogen challenge): Which immune system is an antigennonspecific defense mechanism that a host uses immediately or within several hours after exposure to almost any microbe. This is the immunity one is born with and is the initial response by the body to eliminate microbes and prevent infection. The innate immune responses do not improve with repeated exposure to a given infection Alveolar ventilation/perfusion Alveolar Ventilation ( A): total volume of fresh air exchanged between the atmosphere and alveoli per V ̇ minute. gives a more accurate description of the effectiveness of ventilation. The alveoli are the primary gas-exchange units of the lung, where oxygen enters the blood and CO2 is removed. Dermatologic conditions e.g. pityriasis rosea, carbuncle, herpes zoster A "herald patch" is a hallmark finding in which condition? Pityriasis rosea is caused by a: the HHV6/7 virus. Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limiting exanthematous skin disorder characterized by several unique findings. It is more common in young adults. A characteristic finding is the "herald" or "mother" patch found on trunk. This looks like a ringworm and precedes the generalized "Christmas tree" pattern rash. The lesions associated with the rash are salmoncolored and oval in shape. Most cases clear in 4-6 weeks, but the plaques may last for several month. If a patient has the Carbuncles infection, the infection will be located in the: Hair follicles. Carbuncles are a collection of infected hair follicles and usually occur on the back of the neck, the upper back, and the lateral thighs. Carbuncles are not associated with the papillary or re