AAB MT

AAB MT What consists of the gross renal anatomy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra What is the anatomy of the Nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glomerulus. proximal convoluted tubule, descending Loop of Henle, Ascending Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. What are the 3 primary functions of the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glomerulur Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion True or False: Cells are filtered through the glomerulus? - CORRECT ANSWER-False What is the GFR? - CORRECT ANSWER-Volume of blood filtered per minute. What does the glomerulus filter? - CORRECT ANSWER-The Blood The fluid that is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus travels to where? - CORRECT ANSWER-The nephron The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Water. The proximal convoluted tubule secretes what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrogen Ions, Urea, Creatinine, and Uric Acid. What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle? - CORRECT ANSWER-To reabsorb water, sodium, and chloride. What is the function of aldosterone in the Distal Convoluted Tubule? - CORRECT ANSWER-To increase Sodium re-absorption. Where is aldosterone produced? - CORRECT ANSWER-In the adrenal cortex Where is the final site for urine concentration? - CORRECT ANSWER-Collecting Duct What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? - CORRECT ANSWER-To act on the collecting ducts and stimulate water reabsorption. Where is antidiuretic hormone stored? - CORRECT ANSWER-The Posterior Pituitary What is produced by the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER-Renin, Prostaglandins, and Erythropoietin. The kidney is the target tissue for what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Aldosterone and Antidiuretic Hormone What is the most preferred urine collected? - CORRECT ANSWER-First morning specimen What is the most common urine specimens? - CORRECT ANSWER-Random Specimens First morning urine specimens must be examined when? - CORRECT ANSWER-Within 1 hour of collection What happens to a urine sample after one hour? - CORRECT ANSWER-The bacteria multiplies, false positives for Nitrate, pH becomes alkaline, casts disintegrate, and red cells are lysed. The physical examination of urine includes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Color, appearance, odor, and specific gravity. Urine color, correlates with what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Concentration Dark yellow urine is ___________________? - CORRECT ANSWER-Concentrated Light yellow urine is _______________? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diluted What makes urine yellow? - CORRECT ANSWER-Urochrome What causes a dark yellow/amber/orange color in urine? - CORRECT ANSWERConcentration, bilirubin, and pyridium What causes urine to be red in color? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hemoglobin and red blood cells. What causes urine to be blackish brown? - CORRECT ANSWER-Homogentistic Acid Urine appearance may be reported? - CORRECT ANSWER-Clear, Hazy, Cloudy, or Turbid What are common causes of hazy, cloudy, or turbid urine specimens? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bacteria, hematuria, mucus, or amorphous crystals. A freshly voided urine should have what type of odor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Aromatic Oder A patient with diabetes mellitus may have a urine with what type of odor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fruity Odor A patient with a urinary tract infection may have a urine with what type of odor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ammonia-like Odor A patient with Maple syrup disease may have a urine with what type of odor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Maple Syrup Odor What three methods are often used to determine the specific gravity of urine? - CORRECT ANSWER-Automated method, Reagent strip method, and Refractometer. What is the most common method for determining the specific gravity of urine? - CORRECT ANSWER-Automated Method What is the normal range of specific gravity of urine? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.003- 1.030 What is the clinical significance of a decreased specific gravity of urine? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes insipidus What is the clinical significance of an increased specific gravity of urine? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes mellitus and X-ray contrast media What is the specific gravity of a patient suffering from isothenuria? - CORRECT ANSWER-About 1.010 What causes isothenuria? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sever renal damage. What does polyuria mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-An increased amount of urine production. What does oliguria mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-A decreased amount of urine production. What is the normal daily volume of urine production? - CORRECT ANSWER- ml/day What are two common causes of polyuria? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes insipidus and Diabetes mellitus What are two common causes of oliguria? - CORRECT ANSWER-Urinary obstruction and acute renal failure What is anuria? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lack of urine production.