NR 507 Final Exam 2023/2024 Questions and Answers

NR 507 Final Exam 1. Question : What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? Student Answer: Encephalocele Meningocele Spina bifida occulta Myelomeningocele Instructor Myelomeningocele is a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst containing meninges, Explanation: spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra. The remaining options are not appropriate terms to identity the described condition. Question 2 Question : . What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue? Student Answer: Glomerular filtration rate Hourly urine output Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine Instructor The glomerular filtration rate provides the best estimate of the level of Explanation: functioning of renal tissue. The other options are not used to assess renal tissue function. Question 3 Question : . Where are Langerhans cells found? Student Answer: Skin Intestinal lining Kidney Thyroid Instructor Of the available options, only the skin is the location for Langerhans cells. Explanation: Question 4 Question : . Where in the lung does gas exchange occur? Student Answer: Trachea Segmental bronchi Alveolocapillary membrane Main bronchus Instructor Gas exchange occurs only across the alveolocapillary membrane. Explanation: Question 5 Question : . The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: Student Answer: 2 years 1 year 10 months 5 months Instructor The tonic neck reflex should be unobtainable by 5 months of age. Explanation: Question 6 Question : . When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Student Answer: Inactivation of autoregulation Direct activation of angiotensin II Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Formation of angiotensin I Instructor When renin is released, it cleaves an -globulin (angiotensinogen produced Explanation: by liver hepatocytes) in the plasma to form angiotensin I. Question 7 Question : . The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant? Student Answer: Immunotope Paratope Epitope Antigenitope Instructor The precise portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is Explanation: called its antigenic determinant or epitope. The other options are not used to identify this portion of the antigen. Question 8 Question : . Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? Student Answer: Syphilis Herpes simplex virus Chlamydia Chancroid Instructor The coexistence of chlamydial infection with gonorrhea frequently occurs. No Explanation: coexistence exists with the other options. Question 9 Question : . How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured? Student Answer: Reticulocyte count Serum transferring Hemoglobin Serum vitamin B12 Instructor Explanation: The effectiveness of cobalamin replacement therapy is determined by a rising reticulocyte count. The other options are not used as indicators of the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy Question 10 Question : . Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? Student Answer: Blood vessels Epithelial cells Connective tissue Glandular tissue Instructor Only cancers arising from epithelial cells are called carcinomas. Explanation: Question 11 Question : . Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin? Student Answer: Instructor Explanation: Viruses Bacteria and fungi Protozoa and Rickettsiae Mycoplasma Only bacteria and fungi have the capacity to reproduce on the skin. Question 12 Question : . An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Student Answer: Atrial septal defect (ASD) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Instructor Explanation: Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually made during a routine physical examination by the auscultation of a crescendodecrescendo systolic ejection murmur that reflects increased blood flow through the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also characteristic of ASD, reflecting volume overload to the right ventricle and causing prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve closure. The presentations of other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described symptoms. Question 13 Question : . An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? Student Answer: Intermittent murmur Lack of symptoms Need for surgical repair Triad of congenital defects Instructor Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic; the other options are Explanation: incorrect. Question 14 Question : . What is the function of erythrocytes? Student Answer: Tissue oxygenation Hemostasis Infection control Allergy response Instructor Erythrocytes are solely responsible for tissue oxygenation. Explanation: