MEDSURG 2 FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSION UPDATED A GUARANTEED Verified Questions with 100 Correct Answers Graded A
MEDSURG 2 Final Exam Question Bank Latest Version Updated | Definitive Exam Solutions •What is the purpose of pap smears - answer - A Papanicolaou test, or Pap test, is done during a pelvic examination. The Pap test involves collecting cells from the cervix using a brush or spatula. The sample is evaluated in the laboratory to detect abnormal cervical cells or human papillomavirus, which causes cervical cancer. •At what age do we begin routine pap screening? - answer - Current recommendations for female clients between the ages of 21 to 29 are to encourage an annual pelvic examination to be performed and a Pap test completed at least every 3 years. Recommended screening options for female clients between the ages of 30 to 65 include obtaining a Pap test only every 3 years, a Pap test and human papillomavirus (HPV) test every 5 years, or only an HPV test every 5 years. Clients over the age of 65 and who have had negative Pap or HPV testing for 10 years, or who have had a hysterectomy or had their cervix removed, may cease cervical cancer screening. •Provider can order co HPV testing. What strains are more likely to cause cervical cancer? Others may cause genital warts, oral cancer etc - answer - - Human papillomavirus causes cervical cancer - HPV 16&18 are most common cause of cervical cancer, along with chlamydia infection •A pap smear can be completed at any point during menstrual cycle - answer - The test should not be done while the client is menstruating. •What is pertinent patient education related to pap smear? - answer - The provider will insert a speculum into the vagina. A soft brush or spatula will be used to collect cells from the cervix. The sample will be sent to the lab. The procedure may be slightly uncomfortable for the client due to pressure during the procedure. There may be a small amount of vaginal bleeding after the test. The client should notify the provider if there is bleeding that lasts more than 24 hr. •Ask patient if they have received HPV vaccine (Gardasil) as HPV is linked with cervical cancer - answer - •Can begin Gardasil series at age 9. (9-14 year old get 2 dose series, 14 get 3 dose series) Endometrial Biopsy - What is it? - answer - •A small piece of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is removed to examine irregularities. This is used to diagnose uterine cancer Endometrial Biopsy - Post Procedure Education - answer - Cramping, spotting is normal. Endometrial Biopsy - How much vaginal bleeding is concerning and would need to notify provider? - answer - - soaking through a pad in 1 hour - Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common symptom, this is the hallmark symptom - Postmenopausal women: Any bleeding after menopause is considered endometrial cancer until proven otherwise. Spotting, Light bleeding, Heavy or recurrent bleeding* Endometrial Biopsy: Do not insert anything into the vagina for seven days post procedure, including: - answer - tampons, sexual intercourse, douching Although endometrial cancer is the most common GYN cancer - answer - •ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in GYN cancers Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer - answer - Nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, estrogen w/o progesterone use, and BRCA mutations Reduce risk of ovarian cancer development - answer - Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and low fat diet CA125 lab test - answer - •can be used to identify cancers (endometrial, ovarian). Often seen with ovarian cancer. Abnormal value is 35. If have a high value, patient will then have ultrasound Causes/Increased Risk of Developing Cervical Cancer - answer - •Adolescences have more columnar cells on the outside of the cervix and menopausal women's squamocolumnar junction is higher up in the endocervical canal. •This is why adolescent and younger patients are more vulnerable to STIs and HIV •HPV 16&18 are most common cause of cervical cancer, along with chlamydia infection Causes/Increas
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