NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 TEST BANK
2026/2027 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS |
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREP | PRACTICE TEST | CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. Describe how acute tubular necrosis contributes to acute kidney injury.
Acute tubular necrosis leads to damage of the renal tubules,
impairing their ability to filter waste and regulate fluid balance.
Acute tubular necrosis increases blood flow to the kidneys.
Acute tubular necrosis prevents the absorption of nutrients.
Acute tubular necrosis causes the kidneys to produce excess urine.
2. What is a nephron?
A capillary bed within the medulla
A glomerulus and its capsule
A functional unit of the kidney
A structure that collects urine
3. Describe how cystitis can affect a patient's urinary habits.
Cystitis only affects bowel movements.
Cystitis causes a decrease in urine output.
Cystitis has no effect on urinary habits.
Cystitis can lead to increased frequency and urgency of urination.
4. Identify one intrarenal cause of acute kidney injury.
Dehydration
, Urinary obstruction
Acute tubular necrosis
Hypertension
5. What are the primary bone and mineral disorders associated with chronic
kidney disease (CKD)?
Renal osteodystrophy and mineral imbalance
Paget's disease and hyperparathyroidism
Osteoporosis and arthritis
Rickets and osteomalacia
6. What is a common symptom associated with cystitis?
Joint swelling
Frequent urination
Chest pain
Nausea
7. If an older adult with cystitis experiences confusion and agitation, what
should be the immediate course of action?
Ignore the symptoms as they are common.
Increase their fluid intake without consulting a doctor.
Seek medical evaluation for potential complications.
Administer over-the-counter pain relief medication.
8. Describe how cystitis can affect the overall health of older adults.
Cystitis improves the immune response in older adults.
Cystitis primarily affects younger populations.
, Cystitis has no significant impact on older adults' health.
Cystitis can lead to complications such as confusion, increased falls,
and worsening of other health conditions.
9. Describe the condition known as hydrocele and its potential implications for
male reproductive health.
A hydrocele is a condition that only affects older men and has no
impact on reproductive health.
A hydrocele is an infection that can cause severe pain and requires
immediate treatment.
A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle, which may
cause swelling but is usually not harmful.
A hydrocele is a type of tumor that can lead to infertility in men.
10. Describe the relationship between streptococcal infections and post
infectious acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcal infections can trigger an immune response that
leads to inflammation in the kidneys, resulting in post infectious
acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcal infections have no effect on kidney function.
Streptococcal infections directly damage kidney cells, causing post
infectious acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcal infections are treated with antibiotics, preventing post
infectious acute glomerulonephritis.
11. Describe the demographic most commonly affected by post infectious acute
glomerulonephritis and explain why this group is particularly vulnerable.
Children are most commonly affected due to their developing
immune systems.
, Infants are primarily affected due to their small size.
Adults are most affected because of lifestyle factors.
Elderly individuals are more susceptible due to age-related decline.
12. What is a potential consequence of untreated chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Improved kidney function
Complete recovery of kidney function
Increased urine output
Progression to end-stage renal disease
13. Please match the concept with the correct definition: Hematuria
procedure examining the bladder with a fiber optic scope
painful urination
inflammation of the bladder
blood in urine
14. When assessing for jaundice, I would inspect...
Skin and sclera
Mucous membranes and nail beds
Sclera and nail beds
Sputum and drainage
15. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that causes an:
Inability to empty bladder urine to due decreased relaxation of
external sphincter
Inability to retain urine while coughing, laughing, or sneezing
2026/2027 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS |
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREP | PRACTICE TEST | CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. Describe how acute tubular necrosis contributes to acute kidney injury.
Acute tubular necrosis leads to damage of the renal tubules,
impairing their ability to filter waste and regulate fluid balance.
Acute tubular necrosis increases blood flow to the kidneys.
Acute tubular necrosis prevents the absorption of nutrients.
Acute tubular necrosis causes the kidneys to produce excess urine.
2. What is a nephron?
A capillary bed within the medulla
A glomerulus and its capsule
A functional unit of the kidney
A structure that collects urine
3. Describe how cystitis can affect a patient's urinary habits.
Cystitis only affects bowel movements.
Cystitis causes a decrease in urine output.
Cystitis has no effect on urinary habits.
Cystitis can lead to increased frequency and urgency of urination.
4. Identify one intrarenal cause of acute kidney injury.
Dehydration
, Urinary obstruction
Acute tubular necrosis
Hypertension
5. What are the primary bone and mineral disorders associated with chronic
kidney disease (CKD)?
Renal osteodystrophy and mineral imbalance
Paget's disease and hyperparathyroidism
Osteoporosis and arthritis
Rickets and osteomalacia
6. What is a common symptom associated with cystitis?
Joint swelling
Frequent urination
Chest pain
Nausea
7. If an older adult with cystitis experiences confusion and agitation, what
should be the immediate course of action?
Ignore the symptoms as they are common.
Increase their fluid intake without consulting a doctor.
Seek medical evaluation for potential complications.
Administer over-the-counter pain relief medication.
8. Describe how cystitis can affect the overall health of older adults.
Cystitis improves the immune response in older adults.
Cystitis primarily affects younger populations.
, Cystitis has no significant impact on older adults' health.
Cystitis can lead to complications such as confusion, increased falls,
and worsening of other health conditions.
9. Describe the condition known as hydrocele and its potential implications for
male reproductive health.
A hydrocele is a condition that only affects older men and has no
impact on reproductive health.
A hydrocele is an infection that can cause severe pain and requires
immediate treatment.
A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle, which may
cause swelling but is usually not harmful.
A hydrocele is a type of tumor that can lead to infertility in men.
10. Describe the relationship between streptococcal infections and post
infectious acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcal infections can trigger an immune response that
leads to inflammation in the kidneys, resulting in post infectious
acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcal infections have no effect on kidney function.
Streptococcal infections directly damage kidney cells, causing post
infectious acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcal infections are treated with antibiotics, preventing post
infectious acute glomerulonephritis.
11. Describe the demographic most commonly affected by post infectious acute
glomerulonephritis and explain why this group is particularly vulnerable.
Children are most commonly affected due to their developing
immune systems.
, Infants are primarily affected due to their small size.
Adults are most affected because of lifestyle factors.
Elderly individuals are more susceptible due to age-related decline.
12. What is a potential consequence of untreated chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Improved kidney function
Complete recovery of kidney function
Increased urine output
Progression to end-stage renal disease
13. Please match the concept with the correct definition: Hematuria
procedure examining the bladder with a fiber optic scope
painful urination
inflammation of the bladder
blood in urine
14. When assessing for jaundice, I would inspect...
Skin and sclera
Mucous membranes and nail beds
Sclera and nail beds
Sputum and drainage
15. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that causes an:
Inability to empty bladder urine to due decreased relaxation of
external sphincter
Inability to retain urine while coughing, laughing, or sneezing
