NR 507 Midterm Exam Advanced Pathophysiology
Review Questions Chamberlain
1. A patient develops hives, wheezing, and hypotension within minutes of receiving
penicillin. This reaction is best classified as which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, rapid, and involves mast cell
degranulation with histamine release, causing anaphylaxis.
2. Transfusion reactions and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are examples of which
hypersensitivity type?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: B
Rationale: Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity involves IgG/IgM antibodies binding to
antigens on host cells, activating complement and causing cell lysis.
3. Immune complex deposition in tissues leading to complement activation and
inflammation is characteristic of:
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Answer: C
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity results from antigen-antibody complexes depositing
in tissues, activating complement, and causing inflammation as in SLE and serum
sickness.
, 4. Contact dermatitis from poison ivy is an example of:
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Answer: D
Rationale: Type IV is a delayed, T-cell-mediated reaction. Sensitized T cells release
cytokines upon re-exposure, causing inflammation and tissue damage.
5. Which laboratory finding is most specific for diagnosing systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE)?
A. Elevated C-reactive protein
B. Positive anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies
C. Positive rheumatoid factor
D. Low serum ferritin
Answer: B
Rationale: Anti-dsDNA is highly specific for SLE and correlates with disease activity,
especially renal involvement.
6. The classic malar (butterfly) rash in SLE is most commonly triggered by:
A. Cold exposure
B. Sun exposure
C. Stress
D. Infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Photosensitivity is a common feature of SLE; ultraviolet light can trigger or
worsen the malar rash and other symptoms.
7. A patient with SLE develops pleuritic chest pain, joint pain, and proteinuria. Which
autoantibody is most associated with renal involvement?
A. Anti-Ro
B. Anti-dsDNA
C. Anti-Smith
D. Anti-centromere
Answer: B
Rationale: Anti-dsDNA antibodies are strongly associated with lupus nephritis and
correlate with disease flares.
Review Questions Chamberlain
1. A patient develops hives, wheezing, and hypotension within minutes of receiving
penicillin. This reaction is best classified as which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, rapid, and involves mast cell
degranulation with histamine release, causing anaphylaxis.
2. Transfusion reactions and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are examples of which
hypersensitivity type?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: B
Rationale: Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity involves IgG/IgM antibodies binding to
antigens on host cells, activating complement and causing cell lysis.
3. Immune complex deposition in tissues leading to complement activation and
inflammation is characteristic of:
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Answer: C
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity results from antigen-antibody complexes depositing
in tissues, activating complement, and causing inflammation as in SLE and serum
sickness.
, 4. Contact dermatitis from poison ivy is an example of:
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Answer: D
Rationale: Type IV is a delayed, T-cell-mediated reaction. Sensitized T cells release
cytokines upon re-exposure, causing inflammation and tissue damage.
5. Which laboratory finding is most specific for diagnosing systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE)?
A. Elevated C-reactive protein
B. Positive anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies
C. Positive rheumatoid factor
D. Low serum ferritin
Answer: B
Rationale: Anti-dsDNA is highly specific for SLE and correlates with disease activity,
especially renal involvement.
6. The classic malar (butterfly) rash in SLE is most commonly triggered by:
A. Cold exposure
B. Sun exposure
C. Stress
D. Infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Photosensitivity is a common feature of SLE; ultraviolet light can trigger or
worsen the malar rash and other symptoms.
7. A patient with SLE develops pleuritic chest pain, joint pain, and proteinuria. Which
autoantibody is most associated with renal involvement?
A. Anti-Ro
B. Anti-dsDNA
C. Anti-Smith
D. Anti-centromere
Answer: B
Rationale: Anti-dsDNA antibodies are strongly associated with lupus nephritis and
correlate with disease flares.
