NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYMIDTERM
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - CORRECT ANSWER --airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
, NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYMIDTERM
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages
host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT ANSWER -columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT ANSWER -smooth muscle
cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - CORRECT ANSWER -control the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - CORRECT ANSWER -When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like
it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - CORRECT ANSWER --expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
, NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYMIDTERM
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER -These drugs block the effects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER -inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER -bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER -The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER -cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - CORRECT ANSWER --airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
, NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYMIDTERM
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages
host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT ANSWER -columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT ANSWER -smooth muscle
cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - CORRECT ANSWER -control the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - CORRECT ANSWER -When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like
it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - CORRECT ANSWER --expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
, NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYMIDTERM
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER -These drugs block the effects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER -inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER -bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER -The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER -cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
