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NCE/LPC EXAM STUDY GUIDE | COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|GRADED A+|NEWEST 2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!

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NCE/LPC EXAM STUDY GUIDE | COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|GRADED A+|NEWEST 2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!

Institution
Counseling
Course
Counseling

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DETAILED VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|GRADED A+|NEWEST 2026/2027



The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases. -
ANSWER Etiology



Ego's need for immediate gratification. - ANSWER Pleasure Principle



An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached ______________. -
ANSWER Self-actualization



This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers) -
ANSWER Unconditional Positive Regard



Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior. - ANSWER Shaping



Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses. -
ANSWER Classical Conditioning



A behavior modification used to establish new behavior. - ANSWER reinforcement



Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment. - ANSWER
contextual worldview



The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________. -
ANSWER Trait Theory




1

,Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy called
__________. - ANSWER libido



Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response -
ANSWER counter conditioning



Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to different
behaviors. - ANSWER Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism



Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning. -
ANSWER Maturation



A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality. - ANSWER Psychosis



Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________. - ANSWER modeling



The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in
cognitive structure. - ANSWER cognitive dissonance



Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than coping
directly with a stressful situation. - ANSWER defense mechanisms



Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client. - ANSWER systematic
desensitization



Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of __________to help shape
human behavior. - ANSWER consequences



The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance. -
ANSWER Jung's theory of Introversion

2

, Patterns of ____________that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin. -
ANSWER abnormal behavior



Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate participants. -
ANSWER token economy



This approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual's perception
of reality. - ANSWER Phenomenological



Emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior. -
ANSWER biological viewpoint



Use of family constellation - ANSWER Adler



traits and values - ANSWER Allport



16 Personality Factor Questionairre - ANSWER Cattell



vicarious conditioning - ANSWER Bandura



Cognitive dissonance - ANSWER Festinger



stage theory of development - ANSWER Erikson



id, ego, superego - ANSWER Freud



introversion-extroversion - ANSWER Jung


3

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