According to Erickson, when an individual fails to develop a strong sense of identity, the
individual will have troubles with the development of: - ANSWER Intimacy (individuals
who fail to attain a lower level of development will fail to attain the next higher level).
Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a
tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block
tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on
her own is known as: - ANSWER The zone of proximal development (this is a range of
tasks that are too difficult for children to do alone, but possible with help)
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality
development? - ANSWER Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father responds,
"Because I said so." The father's response is most representative of which parenting style? -
ANSWER Authoritarian (uses coercion and psychological control to discipline children)
Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to
investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to
his findings, baby monkeys: - ANSWER Preferred a soft terry cloth mother to a wire mesh
mother than holds a bottle.
Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States? - ANSWER Asking
someone about suicide may push that person over the edge.
Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television privileges.
1
,This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? - ANSWER
Preconventional (the individual is most concerned with consequences)
Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds
this game fun because he has acquired ____________, which is one of the primary tasks of
the
sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. - ANSWER Object permanence
The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is: - ANSWER Bowlby
Henry, a 72-year-old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks
about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's: - ANSWER Ego integrity
stage
When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ____________
aggression than boys. - ANSWER Relational
All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome EXCEPT: - ANSWER
Large hands and feet
Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial
influences on self-esteem? - ANSWER An authoritative parenting style usually allows
children to have especially high self-esteem
Research on gay and lesbian couples - ANSWER They are as dedicated to and as effective
at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.
In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly? -
ANSWER It was the social context that determined the behaviors of both the guards and
the
2
, prisoners. In the Stanford prison study, the setting was so realistic that the participants
became guards and prisoners. Their personal identities were masked by the context of
being in a prison as either a guard or a prisoner
In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to
disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when __________. - ANSWER
the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made
In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to participate in an
experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and
guards. The researchers found that __________. - ANSWER The individuals who played
one role or another really took on their role. It did not matter how the guards treated them
or acted toward them, the fact that they became like "real" prisoners was the key finding.
Individuals who played guards took on behaviors of "real" guards; and individuals who
played prisoners took on behaviors of "real" prisoners.
In what ways do stereotypes distort reality? - ANSWER Stereotypes distort one's ideas
about how one group is so different from
another group. In reality, the differences between groups are not as extreme as stereotypes
make them out to be.
Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents or
spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either of these
choices. This situation describes an: - ANSWER Since Jennifer doesn't like either of the
choices, this would
be an avoidance-avoidance conflict. It is simply picking between the lesser of two evils.
Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look
at the world from the client's point of view. This counselor is taking the _________
perspective - ANSWER Emic (this view considers that culture matters)
3
individual will have troubles with the development of: - ANSWER Intimacy (individuals
who fail to attain a lower level of development will fail to attain the next higher level).
Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a
tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block
tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on
her own is known as: - ANSWER The zone of proximal development (this is a range of
tasks that are too difficult for children to do alone, but possible with help)
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality
development? - ANSWER Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father responds,
"Because I said so." The father's response is most representative of which parenting style? -
ANSWER Authoritarian (uses coercion and psychological control to discipline children)
Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to
investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to
his findings, baby monkeys: - ANSWER Preferred a soft terry cloth mother to a wire mesh
mother than holds a bottle.
Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States? - ANSWER Asking
someone about suicide may push that person over the edge.
Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television privileges.
1
,This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? - ANSWER
Preconventional (the individual is most concerned with consequences)
Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds
this game fun because he has acquired ____________, which is one of the primary tasks of
the
sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. - ANSWER Object permanence
The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is: - ANSWER Bowlby
Henry, a 72-year-old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks
about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's: - ANSWER Ego integrity
stage
When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ____________
aggression than boys. - ANSWER Relational
All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome EXCEPT: - ANSWER
Large hands and feet
Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial
influences on self-esteem? - ANSWER An authoritative parenting style usually allows
children to have especially high self-esteem
Research on gay and lesbian couples - ANSWER They are as dedicated to and as effective
at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.
In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly? -
ANSWER It was the social context that determined the behaviors of both the guards and
the
2
, prisoners. In the Stanford prison study, the setting was so realistic that the participants
became guards and prisoners. Their personal identities were masked by the context of
being in a prison as either a guard or a prisoner
In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to
disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when __________. - ANSWER
the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made
In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to participate in an
experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and
guards. The researchers found that __________. - ANSWER The individuals who played
one role or another really took on their role. It did not matter how the guards treated them
or acted toward them, the fact that they became like "real" prisoners was the key finding.
Individuals who played guards took on behaviors of "real" guards; and individuals who
played prisoners took on behaviors of "real" prisoners.
In what ways do stereotypes distort reality? - ANSWER Stereotypes distort one's ideas
about how one group is so different from
another group. In reality, the differences between groups are not as extreme as stereotypes
make them out to be.
Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents or
spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either of these
choices. This situation describes an: - ANSWER Since Jennifer doesn't like either of the
choices, this would
be an avoidance-avoidance conflict. It is simply picking between the lesser of two evils.
Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look
at the world from the client's point of view. This counselor is taking the _________
perspective - ANSWER Emic (this view considers that culture matters)
3
