ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR
507 FINAL EXAM WITH
ANSWERS
NEWEST 2026-2027
ACTUAL EXAM
Fat Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -Steroids
Water Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -Need
2nd Messenger to transport across phospholipid
membranes
Pituitary Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -TSH, GH,
ACTH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin, ADH, Melanocyte Stimulating
Hormone
Anterior Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER -Acct for 75%
of total weight of pituitary gland. Three regions, pars
,distalis, parts tuberalis, and pars intermedia. Pars
distalis is major component of Anterior Pituitary and
source of Anterior Pituitary Hormones.
Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis) - CORRECT
ANSWER -Arises from 3rd ventricle of brain, consists of
three parts, median eminence, pituitary stalk, and
infundibular process (pars nervosa or neural tube).
Median eminence is composed mainly of nerve endings
of axons that arise primarily from ventral
hypothalamus.
Hypothalamic releasing Hormones in Posterior
pituitary's median eminence. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Includes 10 hypothalamic releasing hormones and
neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine,
serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
Pituitary stalk - CORRECT ANSWER -contains axons of
neurons that originate in the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
,Hormones of posterior pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER -
ADH, and Oxytocin (Peptide Hormones)
ADH (antidiuretic Hormone) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Major homeostatic function of posterior pituitary is
control of plasma osmolality, as regulated by ADH
Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues
(Hypophysiotropic hormones) - CORRECT ANSWER -
HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH),
Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH),
Somatostatin, Growth hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing factor.
TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
Somatostatin - CORRECT ANSWER -Inhibits release of
growth hormone and TSH
Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone - CORRECT
ANSWER -Stimulates release of FSH and LH
, Dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER -Inhibits synthesis and
secretion of prolactin
Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Stimulate secretion of prolactin
Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their
function - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTH, Melanocyte-
stimulating Hormone (MSH, Somatotropic hormones,
GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - CORRECT
ANSWER -SECRETORY CELL TYPE: Corticotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and
androgenic hormones
Prolactin, - CORRECT ANSWER -Milk production
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR
507 FINAL EXAM WITH
ANSWERS
NEWEST 2026-2027
ACTUAL EXAM
Fat Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -Steroids
Water Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -Need
2nd Messenger to transport across phospholipid
membranes
Pituitary Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -TSH, GH,
ACTH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin, ADH, Melanocyte Stimulating
Hormone
Anterior Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER -Acct for 75%
of total weight of pituitary gland. Three regions, pars
,distalis, parts tuberalis, and pars intermedia. Pars
distalis is major component of Anterior Pituitary and
source of Anterior Pituitary Hormones.
Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis) - CORRECT
ANSWER -Arises from 3rd ventricle of brain, consists of
three parts, median eminence, pituitary stalk, and
infundibular process (pars nervosa or neural tube).
Median eminence is composed mainly of nerve endings
of axons that arise primarily from ventral
hypothalamus.
Hypothalamic releasing Hormones in Posterior
pituitary's median eminence. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Includes 10 hypothalamic releasing hormones and
neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine,
serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
Pituitary stalk - CORRECT ANSWER -contains axons of
neurons that originate in the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
,Hormones of posterior pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER -
ADH, and Oxytocin (Peptide Hormones)
ADH (antidiuretic Hormone) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Major homeostatic function of posterior pituitary is
control of plasma osmolality, as regulated by ADH
Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues
(Hypophysiotropic hormones) - CORRECT ANSWER -
HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH),
Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH),
Somatostatin, Growth hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing factor.
TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
Somatostatin - CORRECT ANSWER -Inhibits release of
growth hormone and TSH
Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone - CORRECT
ANSWER -Stimulates release of FSH and LH
, Dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER -Inhibits synthesis and
secretion of prolactin
Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Stimulate secretion of prolactin
Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their
function - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTH, Melanocyte-
stimulating Hormone (MSH, Somatotropic hormones,
GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - CORRECT
ANSWER -SECRETORY CELL TYPE: Corticotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and
androgenic hormones
Prolactin, - CORRECT ANSWER -Milk production
