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NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Asthma - correct-answer -Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - correct-answer -coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - correct-answer --airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - correct-answer -smaller passageways that originate from the
bronchi that become the alveoli
, 2
3 layers of the bronchioles - correct-answer -innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - correct-answer -the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - correct-answer -embedded with connective
tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - correct-answer -white blood cells are present to
help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - correct-
answer -the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct-answer -
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct-answer -
smooth muscle cells
, 3
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - correct-answer -control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - correct-answer -When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - correct-answer -the ongoing inflammatory
process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - correct-answer --expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - correct-answer -tiotropium
and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - correct-answer -These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct-answer -the parasympathetic
system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to
NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Asthma - correct-answer -Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - correct-answer -coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - correct-answer --airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - correct-answer -smaller passageways that originate from the
bronchi that become the alveoli
, 2
3 layers of the bronchioles - correct-answer -innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - correct-answer -the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - correct-answer -embedded with connective
tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - correct-answer -white blood cells are present to
help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - correct-
answer -the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct-answer -
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct-answer -
smooth muscle cells
, 3
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - correct-answer -control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - correct-answer -When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - correct-answer -the ongoing inflammatory
process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - correct-answer --expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - correct-answer -tiotropium
and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - correct-answer -These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct-answer -the parasympathetic
system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to
