NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology 270+ (Latest Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions

NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
(Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer
270+
Key Solutions


VERIFIED ANSWERS


Question 1
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Correct Answer
Allergic reaction mediated by IgE, causing inflammation due to mast cell degranulation with local symptoms like itching
and rash, and systemic symptoms like wheezing. The most dangerous form is an anaphylactic reaction, which is a systemic
response leading to hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction. Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects.


Question 2
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Correct Answer
Cytotoxic reaction that is tissue specific (e.g. thyroid tissue), primarily involving macrophages as the effector cells. It can
cause tissue damage or alter function, exemplified by Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism), which alters thyroid function
without destroying thyroid tissue, and incompatible blood type reactions leading to severe transfusion reactions.


Question 3
Grave's Disease as a Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction
Correct Answer
The immune system produces autoantibodies (thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, or TSIs) that target and bind to TSH
receptors on thyroid cells, stimulating excessive thyroid hormone production (T3 and T4) even in the absence of TSH.


Question 4
Key Characteristics of Grave's Disease as A Type 2 Reaction
Correct Answer
Caused by IgG autoantibodies targeting TSH receptors; it is stimulatory, not cytotoxic, unlike other Type II reactions.
Common symptoms include increased metabolism, sweating, tremors, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos).




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,Question 5
Hypersensitivity: Type 3
Correct Answer
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity where antigen-antibody complexes form in the blood and deposit in various
tissues, triggered by soluble antigens combining with antibodies (primarily IgG or IgM), leading to inflammation and
tissue damage.


Question 6
Difference Between Type 2 and Type 3
Correct Answer
Type 2 is organ specific, with antibodies binding to antigens on the cell surface, while Type 3 is not organ specific, with
antibodies binding to soluble antigens released into the blood or body fluids, forming complexes deposited in tissues.


Question 7
Hypersensitivity: Type 3-Examples
Correct Answer
Rheumatoid arthritis, where antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE),
where antigen/antibodies deposit in organs causing tissue damage.


Question 8
SLE As A Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction
Correct Answer
Characterized by immune complex formation, tissue deposition, and an inflammatory response.


Question 9
SLE Flare-ups
Correct Answer
Episodes where symptoms worsen or new symptoms appear, often triggered by stress, infections, sunlight (UV exposure),
hormonal changes, or certain medications. Symptoms can include joint pain, fatigue, skin rashes, kidney issues, fever, and
chest pain, and can sometimes be managed by avoiding known triggers.


Question 10
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Correct Answer
Medications used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.


Question 11
Corticosteroids
Correct Answer
Anti-inflammatory medications that suppress the immune response.




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,Question 12
Immunosuppressive agents
Correct Answer
Medications that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system.


Question 13
Antimalarials
Correct Answer
Medications used to prevent and treat malaria, also used in autoimmune diseases.


Question 14
Biologics
Correct Answer
Medications derived from living organisms that target specific components of the immune system.


Question 15
Regular monitoring
Correct Answer
Routine check-ups to assess the patient's health status and treatment efficacy.


Question 16
Sun protection
Correct Answer
Measures taken to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation.


Question 17
Healthy lifestyle
Correct Answer
A way of living that lowers the risk of disease and enhances health.


Question 18
Alloimmunity
Correct Answer
General term used to describe when an individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other
members of the same species.


Question 19
Neonatal disease
Correct Answer
Condition where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus.



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, Question 20
Transplant rejection
Correct Answer
The immune system's response against transplanted organs or tissues.


Question 21
Transfusion reaction
Correct Answer
An immune response to transfused blood or components.


Question 22
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
Correct Answer
Delayed response that is T-cell mediated and does not involve antigen/antibody complexes.


Question 23
Poison ivy

Correct Answer
An example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction.


Question 24
Type I Reaction
Correct Answer
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions characterized by widely distributed lesions.


Question 25
Type IV Reaction
Correct Answer
Contact dermatitis consisting of lesions only at the site of contact with the allergen.


Question 26
Topical corticosteroid
Correct Answer
Medication used to treat non-severe cases of contact dermatitis.


Question 27
Epinephrine
Correct Answer
Medication used for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions.




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