COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION TEST 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ letter awareness. Answer: the understanding that letters are
representations of sounds
◉ book awareness. Answer: the understanding of how books work,
including concepts such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and
recognizing the front and back cover
◉ concepts about print. Answer: the understanding of how printed
materials, such as books and other written texts, function and are
structured
◉ phonological awareness. Answer: the ability to recognize and
manipulate the sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables,
and phonemes (individual speech sounds), without necessarily
understanding the meaning of the words
◉ phonemic awareness. Answer: a subset of phonological awareness
and specifically refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate
individual phonemes (speech sounds) in spoken words
, ◉ syllables. Answer: units of sound within words that contain a single
vowel sound and may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant
sounds
◉ onset. Answer: the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable
that comes before the letter sound
◉ rime. Answer: the part of the syllable that consists of the vowel sound
and any consonant sounds that follow it
◉ consonant. Answer: a speech sound produced by obstructing the flow
of air through the vocal tract
◉ vowel. Answer: a speech sound produced without significant
constriction or closure of the vocal tract
◉ stops. Answer: consonant sounds that produced by one push of breath
and then stopping the air including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/
◉ nasals. Answer: consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage
open, allowing air to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and
/ng/