,Chapter 01: Nursing, Theory, and Professional Practice
Yoost: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice, 3rd
Edition
MULTIPLEoCHOICE
1. Aogroupoofonursingostudentsoareodiscussingotheoimpactoofononnursingotheoriesoinoclinicalo
practice.oTheostudentsowouldobeocorrectoifotheyochoseowhichotheoryotooprioritizeopatientoca
re?
a. Erikson’soPsychosocialoTheory
b. Paul’soCritical-ThinkingoTheory
c. Maslow’soHierarchyoofoNeeds
d. Rosenstock’soHealthoBeliefoModel
ANS:o C
Maslow’sohierarchyoofoneedsospecifiesotheopsychologicaloandophysiologicofactorsothatoaffect
oeachoperson’sophysicaloandomentalohealth.oTheonurse’sounderstandingoofotheseofactorsohelps
owithoformulatingoNursingodiagnosesothatoaddressotheopatient’soneedsoandovaluesotooprioritiz
eocare.oErikson’soPsychosocialoTheoryoofoDevelopmentoandoSocializationoisobasedoonoindivi
duals’ointeractingoandolearningoaboutotheiroworld.oNursesouseoconceptsoofodevelopmentalothe
oryotoocriticallyothinkoinoprovidingocareoforotheiropatientsoatovariousostagesoofotheirolives.
Rosenstocko(1974)odevelopedotheopsychologicaloHealthoBeliefoModel.oTheomodeloaddressesoposs
ibleoreasonsoforowhyoaopatientomayonotocomplyowithorecommendedohealthopromotionobehaviors.
oThisomodeloisoespeciallyousefulotoonursesoasotheyoeducateopatients.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.5 TOP:o Planning
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCN
a t e gR
o r y:IS a f G
e oa n B
d oE.f C
f e c t iM
ve oCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofo
CareoNOT:o Concepts:oCareoCoordinatiU on o SoNoT O
2. Aonursingostudentoisopreparingostudyonotesofromoaorecentolectureoinonursingohistory.o
TheostudentowouldocreditoFlorenceoNightingaleoforowhichodefinitionoofonursing?
a. Theoimbalanceobetweenotheopatientoandotheoenvironmentodecreasesotheocapacityof
orohealth.
b. Theonurseoneedsotoofocusoonointerpersonaloprocessesobetweenonurseoandopatient.
c. Theonurseoassistsotheopatientowithoessentialofunctionsotowardoindependence.
d. Humanobeingsoareointeractingoinocontinuousomotionoasoenergyofields.
ANS:o A
FlorenceoNightingale’so(1860)oconceptoofotheoenvironmentoemphasizedopreventionoandoclea
noair,owater,oandohousing.oThisotheoryostatesothatotheoimbalanceobetweenotheopatientoandothe
oenvironmentodecreasesotheocapacityoforohealthoandodoesonotoallowoforoconservationoofoenerg
y.oHildegardoPeplauo(1952)ofocusedoonotheorolesoplayedobyotheonurseoandotheointerpersonalo
processobetweenoaonurseoandoaopatient.oVirginiaoHendersonodescribedotheonurse’soroleoasosu
bstitutiveo(doingoforotheoperson),osupplementaryo(helpingotheoperson),oorocomplementaryo(w
orkingowithotheoperson),owithotheogoaloofoindependenceoforotheopatient.oMarthaoRogerso(197
0)odevelopedotheoScienceoofoUnitaryoHumanoBeings.oSheostatedothatohumanobeingsoandothei
roenvironmentsoareointeractingoinocontinuousomotionoasoinfiniteoenergyofields.
DIF: Understanding OBJ:o 1.4
TOP:oPlanningoMSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oHealthoPromotio
noandoMaintenanceo NOT:oConcepts:oHealthoPromotion
,3. TheonurseoidentifiesowhichonurseoestablishedotheoAmericanoRedoCrossoduringotheoCiviloWar?
a. DorotheaoDix
b. LindaoRichards
c. LenaoHigbee
d. ClaraoBarton
ANS:o D
ClaraoBartonopracticedonursingoinotheoCiviloWaroandoestablishedotheoAmericanoRedoCross.o
DorotheaoDixowasotheoheadoofotheoU.S.oSanitaryoCommission,owhichowasoaoforerunneroofoth
eoArmyoNurseoCorps.oLindaoRichardsowasoAmerica’sofirstotrainedonurse,ograduatingofromoB
oston’soWomen’soHospitaloino1873,oandoLenaoHigbee,osuperintendentoofotheoU.S.oNavyoNur
seoCorps,owasoawardedotheoNavyoCrossoino1918.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o 1.3
TOP:oAssessmentoMSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oHealthoPromotio
noandoMaintenance
NOT:oConcepts:oProfessionalism
4. Theonursingoinstructoroisoresearchingotheofiveoproficienciesoregardedoasoessentialoforostude
ntsoandoprofessionals.oTheonursingoinstructoroidentifiesowhichoorganizationowouldobeofoun
dotoohaveoaddedosafetyoasoaosixthocompetency?
a. QualityoandoSafetyoEducationoforoNurseso(QSEN)
b. InstituteoofoMedicineo(IOM)
c. AmericanoAssociationoofoCollegesoofoNursingo(AACN)
d. NationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)
ANS:o A
Theo Instituteoofo Medicineo r epNo rt ,RH e I
nesofiveocoreocompetencies.oThese Na l t hGPorpatient-centered
UoSooinclude oBf e.s sCi o nM
s oEducation:oAoBridgeotoo Qualityo(2003),ooutli
ocare,ointerdisciplinary
teamwork,ouseoofoevidence-
basedomedicine,oqualityoimprovement,oandouseoofoinformationotechnology.oQSENoaddedosaf
etyoasoaosixthocompetency.oTheoEssentialsoofoBaccalaureateoEducationoforoProfessionaloNur
singoPracticeoareoprovidedoandoupdatedobyotheoAmericanoAssociationoofoCollegesoofoNursin
go(AACN)o(2008).oTheodocumentooffersoaoframeworkoforotheoeducationoofoprofessionalonurs
esowithooutcomesoforostudentsotoomeet.oTheoNationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)ooutlinesoan
doupdatesocompetenciesoforopractical,oassociate,obaccalaureate,oandograduateonursingoeducati
onoprograms.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.1 TOP:o Planning
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oSafeoandoEffectiveoCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofoCar
eoNOT:oConcepts:oCareoCoordination
5. Theonurseomanageroisointerviewingograduateonursesotoofilloexistingostaffingovacancies.oWh
enohiringograduateonurses,otheonurseomanagerorealizesothatotheyowilloprobablyonotobeoconsi
deredo“competent”ountilotheyocompleteowhichotask?
a. TheyograduateoandopassoNCLEX.
b. Theyohaveoworkedo2otoo3oyears.
c. Theirolastoyearoofonursingoschool.
d. Theyoareoactuallyohired.
ANS:o B
, Benner’somodeloidentifiesofiveolevelsoofoproficiency:onovice,oadvancedobeginner,ocompetent,
oproficient,oandoexpert.oTheostudentonurseoprogressesofromonoviceotooadvancedobeginnerodur
ingonursingoschooloandoattainsotheocompetentoleveloafteroapproximatelyo2otoo3oyearsoofowor
koexperienceoafterograduation.oTooobtainotheoRNocredential,oaopersonomustograduateofromoa
noapprovedoschooloofonursingoandopassoaostateolicensingoexaminationocalledotheoNationaloCo
unciloLicensureoExaminationoforoRegisteredoNurseso(NCLEX-
RN)ousuallyotakenosoonoafterocompletionoofoanoapprovedonursingoprogram.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.7 TOP:o Planning
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oSafeoandoEffectiveoCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofoCar
eoNOT:oConcepts:oCareoCoordination
6. Theoprospectiveostudentoisoconsideringooptionsoforobeginningoaocareeroinonursing.oWhi
chodegreeowouldobestomatchotheostudent’sodesireotooconductoresearchoatotheouniversityo
level?
a. AssociateoDegreeoinoNursingo(ADN)
b. BacheloroofoScienceoinoNursingo(BSN)
c. DoctoroofoNursingoPracticeo(DNP)
d. DoctoroofoPhilosophyoinoNursingo(PhD)
ANS:o D
DoctoralonursingoeducationocanoresultoinoaoDoctoroofoPhilosophyo(PhD)odegree.oThisodegre
eopreparesonursesoforoleadershiporolesoinoresearch,oteaching,oandoadministrationothatoareoesse
ntialotooadvancingonursingoasoaoprofession.oAssociateoDegreeoinoNursingo(ADN)oprogramso
usuallyoareoconductedoinoaocommunityocollegeosetting.oTheonursingocurriculumofocusesoono
adultoacuteoandochronicodisease;omaternal/childohealth;opediatrics;oandopsychiatric/mentaloh
ealthonursing.oADNoRNsomayoreturnotooschoolotooearnoaobachelor’sodegreeoorohigheroinoano
RN-to-BSNooroRN-to-
MSNoprogram.oBachelor’sodegree NoRoIoprograms
oGoB.C oincludeocommunityohealthoandomanagementocou
rsesobeyondot hUo s eSp r oNv i d T
e d oinoanOassociateodegreeoprogram.oAonewer
practice-
focusedodoctoralodegreeoisotheoDoctoroofoNursingopracticeo(DNP),owhichoconcentratesoonothe
oclinicaloaspectsoofonursing.oDNPospecialtiesoincludeotheofouroadvancedopracticeorolesoof
NP,oCNS,oCNM,oandoCRNA.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.9 TOP:o Assessment
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oSafeoandoEffectiveoCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofoCar
eoNOT:oConcepts:oCareoCoordination
7. Duringoaostaffomeeting,otheonurseomanageroannouncesothatotheohospitalowillobeoseekingoMag
netostatus.oTooexplainotheorequirementsoforothisoaward,otheonurseomanagerowillocontactowhic
hoorganization?
a. AmericanoNursesoAssociationo(ANA)
b. AmericanoNursesoCredentialingoCentero(ANCC)
c. NationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)
d. JointoCommission
ANS:o B
TheoAmericanoNursesoCredentialingoCentero(ANCC)oawardsoMagnetoRecognitionotoohospita
lsothatohaveoshownoexcellenceoandoinnovationoinonursing.oTheoANAoisoaoprofessionaloorgani
zationothatoprovidesostandardsoofonursingopractice.oTheoNationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)
ooutlinesoandoupdatesocompetenciesoforopractical,oassociate,obaccalaureate,oandograduateonurs
ingoeducationoprograms.oTheoJointoCommissionoisotheoaccreditingoorganizationoforohealthoca
reofacilitiesoinotheoUnitedoStates.
Yoost: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice, 3rd
Edition
MULTIPLEoCHOICE
1. Aogroupoofonursingostudentsoareodiscussingotheoimpactoofononnursingotheoriesoinoclinicalo
practice.oTheostudentsowouldobeocorrectoifotheyochoseowhichotheoryotooprioritizeopatientoca
re?
a. Erikson’soPsychosocialoTheory
b. Paul’soCritical-ThinkingoTheory
c. Maslow’soHierarchyoofoNeeds
d. Rosenstock’soHealthoBeliefoModel
ANS:o C
Maslow’sohierarchyoofoneedsospecifiesotheopsychologicaloandophysiologicofactorsothatoaffect
oeachoperson’sophysicaloandomentalohealth.oTheonurse’sounderstandingoofotheseofactorsohelps
owithoformulatingoNursingodiagnosesothatoaddressotheopatient’soneedsoandovaluesotooprioritiz
eocare.oErikson’soPsychosocialoTheoryoofoDevelopmentoandoSocializationoisobasedoonoindivi
duals’ointeractingoandolearningoaboutotheiroworld.oNursesouseoconceptsoofodevelopmentalothe
oryotoocriticallyothinkoinoprovidingocareoforotheiropatientsoatovariousostagesoofotheirolives.
Rosenstocko(1974)odevelopedotheopsychologicaloHealthoBeliefoModel.oTheomodeloaddressesoposs
ibleoreasonsoforowhyoaopatientomayonotocomplyowithorecommendedohealthopromotionobehaviors.
oThisomodeloisoespeciallyousefulotoonursesoasotheyoeducateopatients.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.5 TOP:o Planning
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCN
a t e gR
o r y:IS a f G
e oa n B
d oE.f C
f e c t iM
ve oCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofo
CareoNOT:o Concepts:oCareoCoordinatiU on o SoNoT O
2. Aonursingostudentoisopreparingostudyonotesofromoaorecentolectureoinonursingohistory.o
TheostudentowouldocreditoFlorenceoNightingaleoforowhichodefinitionoofonursing?
a. Theoimbalanceobetweenotheopatientoandotheoenvironmentodecreasesotheocapacityof
orohealth.
b. Theonurseoneedsotoofocusoonointerpersonaloprocessesobetweenonurseoandopatient.
c. Theonurseoassistsotheopatientowithoessentialofunctionsotowardoindependence.
d. Humanobeingsoareointeractingoinocontinuousomotionoasoenergyofields.
ANS:o A
FlorenceoNightingale’so(1860)oconceptoofotheoenvironmentoemphasizedopreventionoandoclea
noair,owater,oandohousing.oThisotheoryostatesothatotheoimbalanceobetweenotheopatientoandothe
oenvironmentodecreasesotheocapacityoforohealthoandodoesonotoallowoforoconservationoofoenerg
y.oHildegardoPeplauo(1952)ofocusedoonotheorolesoplayedobyotheonurseoandotheointerpersonalo
processobetweenoaonurseoandoaopatient.oVirginiaoHendersonodescribedotheonurse’soroleoasosu
bstitutiveo(doingoforotheoperson),osupplementaryo(helpingotheoperson),oorocomplementaryo(w
orkingowithotheoperson),owithotheogoaloofoindependenceoforotheopatient.oMarthaoRogerso(197
0)odevelopedotheoScienceoofoUnitaryoHumanoBeings.oSheostatedothatohumanobeingsoandothei
roenvironmentsoareointeractingoinocontinuousomotionoasoinfiniteoenergyofields.
DIF: Understanding OBJ:o 1.4
TOP:oPlanningoMSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oHealthoPromotio
noandoMaintenanceo NOT:oConcepts:oHealthoPromotion
,3. TheonurseoidentifiesowhichonurseoestablishedotheoAmericanoRedoCrossoduringotheoCiviloWar?
a. DorotheaoDix
b. LindaoRichards
c. LenaoHigbee
d. ClaraoBarton
ANS:o D
ClaraoBartonopracticedonursingoinotheoCiviloWaroandoestablishedotheoAmericanoRedoCross.o
DorotheaoDixowasotheoheadoofotheoU.S.oSanitaryoCommission,owhichowasoaoforerunneroofoth
eoArmyoNurseoCorps.oLindaoRichardsowasoAmerica’sofirstotrainedonurse,ograduatingofromoB
oston’soWomen’soHospitaloino1873,oandoLenaoHigbee,osuperintendentoofotheoU.S.oNavyoNur
seoCorps,owasoawardedotheoNavyoCrossoino1918.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o 1.3
TOP:oAssessmentoMSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oHealthoPromotio
noandoMaintenance
NOT:oConcepts:oProfessionalism
4. Theonursingoinstructoroisoresearchingotheofiveoproficienciesoregardedoasoessentialoforostude
ntsoandoprofessionals.oTheonursingoinstructoroidentifiesowhichoorganizationowouldobeofoun
dotoohaveoaddedosafetyoasoaosixthocompetency?
a. QualityoandoSafetyoEducationoforoNurseso(QSEN)
b. InstituteoofoMedicineo(IOM)
c. AmericanoAssociationoofoCollegesoofoNursingo(AACN)
d. NationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)
ANS:o A
Theo Instituteoofo Medicineo r epNo rt ,RH e I
nesofiveocoreocompetencies.oThese Na l t hGPorpatient-centered
UoSooinclude oBf e.s sCi o nM
s oEducation:oAoBridgeotoo Qualityo(2003),ooutli
ocare,ointerdisciplinary
teamwork,ouseoofoevidence-
basedomedicine,oqualityoimprovement,oandouseoofoinformationotechnology.oQSENoaddedosaf
etyoasoaosixthocompetency.oTheoEssentialsoofoBaccalaureateoEducationoforoProfessionaloNur
singoPracticeoareoprovidedoandoupdatedobyotheoAmericanoAssociationoofoCollegesoofoNursin
go(AACN)o(2008).oTheodocumentooffersoaoframeworkoforotheoeducationoofoprofessionalonurs
esowithooutcomesoforostudentsotoomeet.oTheoNationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)ooutlinesoan
doupdatesocompetenciesoforopractical,oassociate,obaccalaureate,oandograduateonursingoeducati
onoprograms.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.1 TOP:o Planning
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oSafeoandoEffectiveoCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofoCar
eoNOT:oConcepts:oCareoCoordination
5. Theonurseomanageroisointerviewingograduateonursesotoofilloexistingostaffingovacancies.oWh
enohiringograduateonurses,otheonurseomanagerorealizesothatotheyowilloprobablyonotobeoconsi
deredo“competent”ountilotheyocompleteowhichotask?
a. TheyograduateoandopassoNCLEX.
b. Theyohaveoworkedo2otoo3oyears.
c. Theirolastoyearoofonursingoschool.
d. Theyoareoactuallyohired.
ANS:o B
, Benner’somodeloidentifiesofiveolevelsoofoproficiency:onovice,oadvancedobeginner,ocompetent,
oproficient,oandoexpert.oTheostudentonurseoprogressesofromonoviceotooadvancedobeginnerodur
ingonursingoschooloandoattainsotheocompetentoleveloafteroapproximatelyo2otoo3oyearsoofowor
koexperienceoafterograduation.oTooobtainotheoRNocredential,oaopersonomustograduateofromoa
noapprovedoschooloofonursingoandopassoaostateolicensingoexaminationocalledotheoNationaloCo
unciloLicensureoExaminationoforoRegisteredoNurseso(NCLEX-
RN)ousuallyotakenosoonoafterocompletionoofoanoapprovedonursingoprogram.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.7 TOP:o Planning
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oSafeoandoEffectiveoCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofoCar
eoNOT:oConcepts:oCareoCoordination
6. Theoprospectiveostudentoisoconsideringooptionsoforobeginningoaocareeroinonursing.oWhi
chodegreeowouldobestomatchotheostudent’sodesireotooconductoresearchoatotheouniversityo
level?
a. AssociateoDegreeoinoNursingo(ADN)
b. BacheloroofoScienceoinoNursingo(BSN)
c. DoctoroofoNursingoPracticeo(DNP)
d. DoctoroofoPhilosophyoinoNursingo(PhD)
ANS:o D
DoctoralonursingoeducationocanoresultoinoaoDoctoroofoPhilosophyo(PhD)odegree.oThisodegre
eopreparesonursesoforoleadershiporolesoinoresearch,oteaching,oandoadministrationothatoareoesse
ntialotooadvancingonursingoasoaoprofession.oAssociateoDegreeoinoNursingo(ADN)oprogramso
usuallyoareoconductedoinoaocommunityocollegeosetting.oTheonursingocurriculumofocusesoono
adultoacuteoandochronicodisease;omaternal/childohealth;opediatrics;oandopsychiatric/mentaloh
ealthonursing.oADNoRNsomayoreturnotooschoolotooearnoaobachelor’sodegreeoorohigheroinoano
RN-to-BSNooroRN-to-
MSNoprogram.oBachelor’sodegree NoRoIoprograms
oGoB.C oincludeocommunityohealthoandomanagementocou
rsesobeyondot hUo s eSp r oNv i d T
e d oinoanOassociateodegreeoprogram.oAonewer
practice-
focusedodoctoralodegreeoisotheoDoctoroofoNursingopracticeo(DNP),owhichoconcentratesoonothe
oclinicaloaspectsoofonursing.oDNPospecialtiesoincludeotheofouroadvancedopracticeorolesoof
NP,oCNS,oCNM,oandoCRNA.
DIF: Remembering OBJ:o o 1.9 TOP:o Assessment
MSC:o NCLEXoClientoNeedsoCategory:oSafeoandoEffectiveoCareoEnvironment:oManagementoofoCar
eoNOT:oConcepts:oCareoCoordination
7. Duringoaostaffomeeting,otheonurseomanageroannouncesothatotheohospitalowillobeoseekingoMag
netostatus.oTooexplainotheorequirementsoforothisoaward,otheonurseomanagerowillocontactowhic
hoorganization?
a. AmericanoNursesoAssociationo(ANA)
b. AmericanoNursesoCredentialingoCentero(ANCC)
c. NationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)
d. JointoCommission
ANS:o B
TheoAmericanoNursesoCredentialingoCentero(ANCC)oawardsoMagnetoRecognitionotoohospita
lsothatohaveoshownoexcellenceoandoinnovationoinonursing.oTheoANAoisoaoprofessionaloorgani
zationothatoprovidesostandardsoofonursingopractice.oTheoNationaloLeagueoforoNursingo(NLN)
ooutlinesoandoupdatesocompetenciesoforopractical,oassociate,obaccalaureate,oandograduateonurs
ingoeducationoprograms.oTheoJointoCommissionoisotheoaccreditingoorganizationoforohealthoca
reofacilitiesoinotheoUnitedoStates.
